Biological Beginnings and Introduction to Developmental Psychology
is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons not related by birth.
Adoption
Which theorist believed that development reflects the influence of five environmental systems?
Bronfenbrenner
______ is a prenatal medical procedure in which a small sample of the placenta is removed and analyzed.
Chorionic villus sampling
______ is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
Development
Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
____ theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
Ethological
______ theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.
Ethological
Which statement is best supported by the results of current research?
Genes shape predispositions for behaviors or traits, but we need to also take context into account.
Which of the following statements is true about meiosis?
It produces cells with unpaired chromosomes.
The father of psychoanalytic theory is
Sigmund Freud.
Which of the following are cognitive theories of development? (Choose every correct answer.)
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Piaget's developmental theory information-processing theory
Phenylketonuria is best treated by
a specialized diet.
Natalie is 40 years old and in her 15th week of pregnancy. She is concerned that her baby might have Down syndrome. Her doctor performs a(n) ______, which involves withdrawing and testing a sample of amniotic fluid.
amniocentesis
Which procedure involves withdrawing amniotic fluid between the 15th and 18th weeks of pregnancy?
amniocentesis
Ethological theory stresses ______ factors, and ecological theory emphasizes ______ factors.
biological; environmental
The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called
chromosomes.
One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories.
cognitive
The two new cells created by mitosis
contain the same DNA as the original cell.
Both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume that
development does not occur in a stage-like fashion.
According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors
do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as a(n) ______ theoretical orientation.
eclectic
Aysha does not believe any one theory can account for all real-life phenomena. She would most likely adopt a(n) ______ approach to life-span development.
eclectic theoretical orientation
When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with
either the woman or the man.
According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important during specific time frames called critical periods.
ethologists
Which of the following are components of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory? (Choose every correct answer.)
exosystem chronosystem macrosystem mesosystem microsystem
What unit of hereditary information is composed of short segments of DNA?
genes
By studying life-span development we learn information about ourselves, including which of the following?
how we came to be this way who we are how we will age
If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to
intellectual disability.
Melissa is intrigued by how people change from infancy through late adulthood. She would learn about this subject by studying the field of human development called_________ development.
life-span development
Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize a certain amino acid and, if left untreated, causes intellectual disability?
phenylketonuria (PKU)
A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a
recessive gene
A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.
recessive; dominant
Ultrasound sonography uses ______ directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen that produce(s) a visual representation of the fetus.
sound waves
Which framework outlines how research in life-span development should be conducted?
the scientific method
Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting research in life-span development?
to determine whether development is important
A single cell formed through fertilization is a(n)
zygote