Biological Behavior Exam 2

At what age do people appear to be the most aggressive:

1-3

Which of the following is the best definition of hypnosis

A form of relaxation in which focus is diminished and suggestibility is increased.

Stimulus-response specificity describes:

A specific combination of an emotion and a pattern of autonomic response

Consciousness can best be described as

A state of awareness of the self and the environment

Which neurotoxin makes it harder to read the emotions of other people when injected into the face?

A. Botox

Which of the following terms, concepts and research scientists are associated with the concepts of stimulus response specificity-

A. Direction facial action test B. Paul Ekman C. Emotions

Which of the following are intrapersonal functions of emotions?

A. Emotions prepare the body for immediate action B. Emotions influence thoughts C. Emotions motivate future behaviors

Which of the following were described as Categorical Autonomic Response studied in psychophysiology:

A. Orienting B. Defensive C. Startle

Which of the following are true with regard to alcohol and aggression and or violence?

A. Sometimes alcohol is deliberately used to promote violence B. Alcohol increases aggressive tendencies but does not cause them.

according the driving research we discussed in class

All of the above

A social perceiver unwittingly taking on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the persons expressive behavior and thereby feeling the expressed emotion is known as:

Automatic empathy

Which of the following best explains the concept of "levels of awareness"?

Awareness is a continuum that includes both high and low awareness.

The study where you are asked to count the number of passes of one team while a man in a gorilla suit walks between them and two members of the unobserved team leave is a study of

B an C

Which type of brain activity is associated with wakeful states?

Bera Waves

Lucas is able to discuss the pretty colors that appear on the picture placed in front of him even though he is not consciously aware that he can see the picture. He believes himself to be blind even though he can analyze and respond to visual stimuli. This unusual condition is called __________.

Blind sight

Despite potential dangers, marijuana has been legalized in some places. Which factor is most likely related to this trend?

C

The idea that mental processes such as decision making cannot take place outside of conscious awareness is known as:

Cartesian catastrophe

Which of the following have been shown to be effective in reducing aggression and or violence:

Cartharisis Specific focused interventions with small children diagnosed as chronically aggressive. Punishment

The failure to notice the difference between what is there right now and what was there a moment ago is known as:

Change in blindness

This is a Multiple Answer Question choose all of the correct answers. According to the Charlie Rose video that we saw in class, which of the following are true about consciousness?

Consciousness requires a constant inflow sensory information One dimension of consciousness is the content of consciousness. One dimension of consciousness is arousal and vigilance. An operating reticular activating system is necessary for consciousness

Researcher Richard Davidson and his colleagues are well-known for conducting brain scans of Buddhist monks. They hope to gain insights on various aspects of consciousness from people who spend many hours in meditation. These studies are:

Contemplative science

John is a Canadian having dinner with his friends from china. He openly shows both his enthusiasm and his anger about various topics as they speak. John notices that his friends smile and nod but that they do not display strong emotions. This is an example of:

Cultural Influence on emotion norms

Which of the following best characterizes decision-making:

Decisions can be both conscious and unconscious

Which of the following best characterizes decision-making?

Decisions can be both conscious and unconscious.

Which of the following was not listed as a basic emotion in the text:

Disgust

The philosophical position of ________, championed by Rene Descartes, posted that one's mental and physical beings were two different entities.

Dualism

What kind of procedure is used to record the brains electrical activity over time by placing electrodes on the scalp

EEG

Mental illness is causatively associated with an increase in aggression and violence

False

The neural networks involved in infant attachment are different from those that are sensitive to separation.

False

Researchers had an infant crawl toward their mother across a table, and then the mother was instructed to make a face expressing a specific emotion. The response of the infants demonstrated an awareness of the mother's emotions. Which emotional expression led to the child refusing to crawl to her in all instances?

Fear

Selye referred to the activation of one's sympathetic nervous system during times of stress as the blank system.

Fight or flight

Who is generally regarded as the most famous advocate of the importance of unconscious processes?

Freud

Dr. Magooby is conducting research in the area of contemplative science. She would be interested in gathering data on all EXCEPT which of the following people?

Gilad, who smokes a small amount of marijuana several times each day

In a popular movie about the mafia, the head of the family chastises one of his sons, sonny, for letting other people know what he was thinking and feeling. Never let anyone outside the family know what you are thinking, the mafia boss says to sonny. From an emotions, perspective, the father is speaking about.

Hedonic Broadcasting

The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and blank work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body:

Hormones

When a person commits to perform an action that she believes who bring about a specific desired outcome this is called

INTENTION

The study were you were asked to attend to the conversation of two woman talking was a study of

Inattential deafness

Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walk out to the people she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?

Informational Influence

Marlon has found that when he gets sad, his girlfriend becomes particularly nurturing and tires to take care of him. While he does not particularly want to feel these emotions, the response it draws from his girlfriend demonstrates the blank function of emotions.

Interpersonal

When christa gets angry, she gets motivated to become a productive so that whatever is making her angry can be overcome. She notices that whenever she is angry she gets very warm and starts to perspire excessively. These psychological and physical changes demonstrate the blank functions of an emotion.

Intrapersonal

In the film we saw in class Sigmund Freud was described as on of the 20th Century's most influential thinkers because

Introduced the idea that people often have little understanding of the real reason they do the things they do Introduced the idea that the unconscious mind controls so much of the people's behavior He introduced a new way of thinking about why people behave the way they do

Which of the following is true of sleep?

Many studies show that sleep is a common problem for college students.

Lasana Harris found that participants viewed homeless individuals more as objects then people. According to his research, which brain area is more active when we interact with other people than with objects?

Medial prefrontal cortex

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

Milgram

Ira brags about how wonderful he is, talks endlessly about his accomplishments, and pushes people to admire him. He lashes out when his inflated sense of importance is threatened by others. Ira would rate high in a measure of:

Narcissism

When she sis feeling very angry at her boss, lucia comes home and spends an hour punching bag she has hung in the basement. Catharsis theory predicts that this will reduce her anger and aggressive feelings. Does research support this notion?

No, research suggests that lucia will become even angrier.

Asch's study on conformity where participants had to make line-judgements, can be best explained by what concept?

Normative influence

Which of the following were described as categorical autonomic responses studied in psychophysiology:

Orienting Defensive Startle

When he gets to work one morning, emile notices that his colleague Romero and their supervisor Lisa are having an animated conversation. He immediately assumes that there is a problem and that they are arguing, but later finds out that they aware sharing interesting stories from their weekends, emilie's assumption demonstrates the hostile blank bias.

Perception

According to the Charlie rose episode on aggression and violence there are four brain regions that are highly involved in aggression and violence:

Prefrontal Cortex-Executive functions A. Ventral Striatum-reinforcement C. Amygdala-orechestrator D. Hypothalamus-aggression

Which of the following is the best definition of priming:

Recent exposure to a stimuli increasing accessibility to traits associated with that stimuli

Cultural display rules are:

Rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances

Chronically aggressive children have problems synthesizing the neurotransmitter?

Serotonin

When she notices that her girlfriend, Ellana, seems particularly quiet, Bess starts gently asking her what is wrong. After a while Ellana shares that she is having some problems in their relationship and this leads to a very constructive conversation about how things can be improved. This demonstrates the way that emotions can have _______ that elicits actions from others.

Signal Value

Attempting to make inferences about other thoughts by using the strategy of imagining what our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors would be in a similar situation is known as:

Simulation

Blank, which involves imitation of other people's behaviors or feelings, might help us understand other people better.

Simulation

When lev is out to lunch at restaurant he sees a woman with very short hair, facial piercings, and several tattoos. He thinks to himself, she must be into motorcycles. Lev engaged in the process of:

Social Categorization

Young Lilah is taken to a family dinner and she meets an uncle who she has never met before. As he reaches to her for a hug, Lilah looks to her mother with an uncertain look on her face. As she sees her mother nodding and smiling. Lilah looks back to the uncle and gives him a warm hug. Lilah has used blank to determine how to act in this situation

Social Referencing

In a study by Dijksterhuis students were asked to write short essays about what it would be liked to be a college professor. According to what we know about priming which of the following is the most likely result of this activity?

Students will feel smart and will over perform on later tests of knowledge.

With reference to ferguson & beresin which of the following represent their conclusion?

The data support an association between the consumption of media violence and violence in society Current results are consistent with routine activities theory which suggests that occupying the time of people at high risk for offending gives them less time to offend.

Ethical concerns have been raised about Milgrams obedience research. Specifically some have suggested that the project caused to much distress in the participants, distress that could not be justified. If you were asked your opinion of this issue, which of the following would be a legitimate response?

The majority of participants reported that they were please to have participated in the research, so it does not seem to have been damaging to most of those who were involved.

In class we visited a Website that demonstrated a visual illusion called Motion Induced Blindness. Which of the following were suggested on that website as possible explanations for Motion Induced Blindness?

The motion causes the visual cortex to be confused so it blocks out the invariant stimuli. If you fixate steadily all structures are imaged on their same retinal locations leading to local adaptation on the retina.

Which of the following is not apart of the autonomic nervous system?

The prefrontal cortex

Despite potential dangers, marijuana has been legalized in some places. Which factor is most likely related to this trend?

The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has shown a potentially positive side of the drug.

Which of the following best describe the flexible correction model?

The way a person can change her opinion up to three times on a topic

With regard to the meta-analyses of the media violence research, ferguson & Beresin concluded:

There are also a great many(and potentially increasing) number of studies that do not find evidence for such links, or suggest even that exposure to violent media may be inversely related with some forms of aggression As scholars move from studying artificial tests of aggression in the lab to real-world aggression and violence, effect sizes diminish, ultimately approximating zero.

Which of the following is the best definition of dualism?

There is a clear distinction between the physical world and mental experience.

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between attention and consciousness?

They are related but distinct

Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between attention and consciousness?

They are related but distinct.

According to pinker the good news is that the level of violence in the world is decreasing overtime-by millennia, century and even decade.

True

Slight stimulation of the fear-related areas in the brain causes animals to freeze, whereas incenses stimulation causes them to flee

True

Which of the following are true about the fear response and as an example to suddenly seeing a snake.

Two pathways send signals to the amygdala from the sensory organ When an indiviaul sees a snake, for example, the sensory information travels from the eye to the thalamus and then to the visual cortex The visual cortex send the information on to the amygdala, provoking fear The thalamus also quickly send the information straight to the amygdala, so that the organism can react before consciously perceiving the snake

According to the video we watched in class which of the following is false about our construction of sentence we are about to say.

We consciously have to for the words in the exact form in which they will be spoken. We consciously form the grammer of the sentence based upon our learning experience.

According to the video we watched in class which of the following is true about our construction of sentence we are about to say.

We don't consciously pick the words that we're going to use. We don't consciously form the grammatical structure. In fact, you sort of know the gist of what your are going to say but you don't know precisely what you are going say until you say it.

Which of the following are true with regard to gender, aggression and or violence:

When men do use physical aggression, they are more likely then woman to cause serious injuries and even death to their partners At all ages, males tend to be more physically aggressive than females Among heterosexual partners, woman are actually slightly more likely than men to use physical aggression.

Which of the following is true of Milgrams research on obedience to authority?

With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed but about 65% still administered 450 volts

Which of the following is NOT an effect of alcohol?

a decrease in the neurotransmitter GABA

To understand how the mind processes information below the line of conscious experience researchers sometimes present information and then use ___________ before having participants make a decision.

a distractor task

Which is the best definition of mindfulness?

a state of heightened conscious awareness

According to Daniel Simmons of the university of Illinois we

aLL OF THE ABOVE

The ________ category allows human beings to identify those moving objects in the world that can act on their own.

agent

long ago Socrates wrote about a state of "a lack of self-control" that was known as

akrasia

Ethan is 6 years old, but is already developing moral judgment and the ability to have strategic social interactions. What is the foundation for these skills?

appreciating the workings of other people's minds

According to david eaglemann the conscious mind is necessary to

assess new events in the environment and make sense of the situation resolve internal conflict between the many subsystems of the brain respond to unexpected events and decide if they are a threat or an opportunity

Despite the title, the video of Magic Singh is actually a demonstration of

attentional blindness

Which of the following best explains the concept of levels of awareness

awareness is continuum that includes both high and low awareness

Stimulants such as cocaine produce euphoria because they

block the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain

The study where the person asking for directions is momentarily hidden and then replaced is a study of

change blindness

Robert is in an argument with his friend. He is about to say something mean but realizes that this will likely hurt his friend's feelings. Robert decides not to say anything nasty. This moment of insight could be thought of as:

conscious awareness

Most of the unconscious activity of the brain is devoted to_______________.

controlling the physical body

A person with blank blindness might report that they cannot see anything even though he structure their eyes are undamaged and work perfectly, the condition is a result of damage to the primary visual areas of the brain

cortical

The film who is in control says that the majority of the following are controlled by parts of the brain to which you have no access

decision that you make, conscious thought, beliefs

David Eagle described a study where people found faces with blank more attractive, even though they were unaware of why they preferred those faces.

dilated pupils

Jeromy is trying to figure out how he is going to install a new faucet on his sink because the old holes do not fit the new fixture. He gives up on the problem for a while, and while sending an email an hour later a simple solution suddenly comes to him. This momentary realization of a creative solution is called a(n) ________ experience.

eureka

Sometimes good ideas seem to happen spontaneously. This is known as:

eureka experience

Martyn is seated at a chair, and sees his father standing by a box with a ball in front of it. his dad leaves the room and another person comes in puts the ball into the box and closes the lid. Martyn is then asked where his father will look for the ball when he returns. this is an example of the blank test

false belief

The blank perspective refers to a set of observations made by an individual about their own conscious experience. It is sometimes called introjection or ones subjective point of view.

first person

if gina remarks it feels cold in here, but her two friends disagree with her an done point to the thermometer showing it is a record day for heat, Gina comment is a reflection of her

first person perspective

in the film we saw in class on Sigmund Freud was described as one of the 20th century most influential thinkers because

he introduced a new way of thinking about why people behave the way they do introduced the idea that people often have little understanding of the real reason they do the things they do

If Janet were to fly from Toronto to London, she might have difficulty adjusting to the new time. This is likely because

her circadian rhythms are adjusted to the time in Toronto

The failure to notice something that is fully obvious that is right there in front of you when you attention is engaged on something or someone else is knowns as

inattentional blindness

the failure to notice something that is fully obvious that is right there in front of you when you attention is engaged on something or someone else is known as

inattentional blindness

Having an appreciation for the workings of another person's mind is considered a prerequisite for all but which of the following?

intellectual development

Which of the following is characteristic of people in a trance?

lack of volunteer control

The tendency to develop a more positive attitude towards a stimulus after repeated instances of brief encounters with it is called the

mere-exposure effect

When a person copies another's behaviors without realizing that they are doing so they are engaged in

mimicry

Research on liking has focused on a small area within:

nucleus accumbens

Dr. Chattering believes that psychological disorders like depression, schizophrenia, and phobias can be entirely understood by studying how the brain works and how hormonal and neurotransmitter functioning is errant. She essentially believes that all psychological events boil down to physical causes. Dr. Chattering holds a(n) __________ view of psychological disorders.

reductionist

The person most associated with distinguishing between physical matter and mental experience is

renee descartes

Each night at 10 pm, Jiao becomes very sleepy. This is most likely because _________.

she experiences an increase in melatonin production

When two people simultaneously mimic each other's actions, they have reached a state called:

synchgrony

In the film we saw, hitting a baseball was given as an example of an activity that is completed before the conscious mind is aware of what the body has done is a mitxutre of conscious and unconscious processes.

that is completed before the conscious mind is aware of what the body has done is a mixture of conscious and unconscious processes

Dr.Reddy wants to examine potential prejudice against women. He shows participants images of men and women and has them rate each picture as "competent" or "incompetent," and measures the time it takes to create these judgments. He is using __________.

the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)

The rubber hand illusion demonstrates

the powerful connection between what we see and what we feel neural plasticity in that the brain is changing to accommodate the rubber hand as part of the body as the result of experience

Ben is an expert marksman. He fires a shot and hits just outside the bulls-eye. Most people would describe Ben's action as intentional because he has

the skill to perform the action

Which of the following best describes the Flexible Correction Model?

the way a person can use high awareness to change opinions formed in low awareness conditions

When people have conversations online there are often misunderstandings about how statements are intended. That is because it is difficult to know whether some comments are serious or made as jokes. In the same way, understanding another person's intentions in various situations requires an understanding of

theory of mind

Hermione and Ron are on a tropical vacation. Hermione points out to sea and says "I think I saw a whale tail over there." Ron cranes his head over so that he is looking from approximately Hermione's point view.

they are engaged in joint attention

According to Daniel Simmons the goal of vision is to

to make sense of the meaning of the world around you

According to david Eagle which of the following relationships have been demonstrated by research to be true:

you will describe your relationship with your mother as closer when you are holding a warm coffee as compared to when you are holding an iced coffee. being in a traditional interrogation room will make you more forthcoming about the truth being in a foul smelling environment will cause you to make harsher moral judgements