Biology 1

How many chromosomes does a child inherit from his or her parents? 23 from the mother and 23 from the father 46 from the mother 46 from the father 46 from the mother and 46 from the father

23 from the mother and 23 from the father

How many ATP are generated in the electron transport chain? 2 4 32 36

32

If an organism's diploid number is 12, what would be its haploid number? 3 6 24 48

6

Which is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O 3CO2 + 3H2O + 3O2 --> C6H12O6 6O2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6CO2

6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Which series of diagrams correctly represents the order of mitosis?

A

In what way are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis similar? Both require chemical energy to proceed. Both occur in the chloroplast. Both produce oxygen as a byproduct. Both involve carbon fixation.

Both occur in the chloroplast.?

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between cytokinesis and mitosis? Mitosis includes interphase and cytokinesis. Cytokinesis precedes mitosis. Cytokinesis occurs during mitosis. Interphase includes cytokinesis and mitosis.

Cytokinesis occurs during mitosis.

In his study of pea plants, Gregor Mendel used which method to produce offspring? cross-pollination, by using parents that had identical traits cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits self-pollination, by using one parent random pollination, by using both identical- and different-trait matings

cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits

The diagram illustrates one method of genetic recombination. Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation

crossing over

Which three processes are methods of genetic recombination? natural selection, crossing over, and independent assortment crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization independent assortment, fertilization, and natural selection fertilization, natural selection, and crossing over

crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization

Meiosis occurs in a series of different phases and creates genetically unique reproductive cells. Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II? fertilization independent assortment crossing over chromosome replication

crossing over?

Which process in the light-dependent reactions results in the release of hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen? chemiosmosis photophosphorylation water splitting electron transport

electron transport

An example of mitosis at work is a plant root elongating. absorbing. pointing down. breaking.

elongating.

Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation

fertilization

How many more phases occur during meiosis than during mitosis? none two four six

four

What is the end result of meiosis? four identical daughter cells four different daughter cells two identical daughter cells two different daughter cells

four different daughter cells

Which consist of sperm cells and egg cells? gametes tetrads diploids chromosomes

gametes

Which is required for both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration? oxygen water mitochondria glucose

glucose

Which term describes stacks of thylakoids? chloroplasts grana stroma ferredoxins

grana

An example of mitosis at work is a leaf tuning yellow. growing. taking in carbon dioxide. hosting a caterpillar.

growing.

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis? rest prior to cell division growth of cell and replication of DNA dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane division of cytoplasm

growth of cell and replication of DNA

Meiosis produces which cell type? haploid diploid chromosome somatic

haploid

The equations summarize the process of fertilization. Which equation represents fertilization? haploid + diploid = diploid diploid + haploid = haploid haploid + haploid = diploid diploid + diploid = diploid

haploid + haploid = diploid

The Venn diagram compares aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Which statement could be categorized only in the anaerobic section of the Venn diagram? is performed by eukaryotes has commercial uses regenerates NADH occurs in the mitochondria

has commercial uses

In which type of environment are plants most likely to use a C4 pathway of carbon fixation? cold and wet cold and dry hot and wet hot and dry

hot and dry

At which point is G3P removed from the Calvin cycle to be used in the production of carbohydrates? during photophosphorylation during carbon fixation immediately after reduction immediately after regeneration

immediately after reduction

Genetic variation occurs through genetic recombination. Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram? independent assortment fertilization crossing over sexual reproduction

independent assortment

In the chemical equation for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen. 6CO2 + 6H2O ® C6H12O6 + 6O2 Which component could be added to complete this chemical equation? light energy ATP and NADPH chemical energy rubisco

light energy

Which is a commercial use for lactic acid fermentation? brewing beer baking bread making wine making cheese

making cheese

Which process can be described as two cell divisions, genetic variation, and haploid cells? meiosis mitosis binary fission fertilization

meiosis

The illustration below shows the steps of meiosis I. What is the step that is labeled D? metaphase I metaphase II telophase II telophase I

metaphase II

A cell contains the same DNA as its parent cell. This is a result of which process? mitosis meiosis gamete formation fertilization

mitosis

Which process is similar to binary fission? genetic variation crossing over meiosis mitosis

mitosis

Which of these pairings is correct? mitosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces diploids mitosis, part of sexual reproduction because it produces haploids meiosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces haploids meiosis, part of sexual reproduction because it produces diploids

mitosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces diploids

Which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? mutation accumulation genetic variation slow reproduction process mate required

mutation accumulation

Which is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration? NADH FADH2 oxygen carbon dioxide

oxygen

The Venn diagram compares aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Which statement should be categorized only in the aerobic section of the Venn diagram? occurs in the cytoplasm produces water requires no oxygen is performed by yeast

produces water

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve? metaphase prophase anaphase telophase

prophase

In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling? prophase anaphase metaphase telophase

prophase

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over of chromosomes occur? prophase I metaphase I anaphase I telophase I

prophase I

Which process is catalyzed by rubisco during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? glycolysis carbon fixation reduction regeneration

regeneration

A slow reproduction process is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction? sexual reproduction asexual reproduction binary fission mitosis

sexual reproduction

Fewer offspring is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction? mitosis asexual reproduction binary fission sexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

Along with plants and algae, in which organisms can photosynthesis occur? some bacteria all fungi some animals all protists

some bacteria

The diagram shows a phase of mitosis. Which does the letter A represent in the diagram? centriole chromosome centromere spindle

spindle

What is the source of energy that drives photosynthesis? sunlight hydrogen ions electrons oxygen

sunlight

Early in mitosis, the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope begin to dissolve in preparation for cell division. In which stage of the cell cycle is this process reversed? cytokinesis interphase anaphase telophase

telophase

Which correctly describes crossing over? the process whereby nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate

the process whereby nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material

Which is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? mitochondria stomata stroma thylakoids

thylakoids

Tissue cultures (samples of cancer cells) are taken from cancer patients, and the cells are then grown in a laboratory. What is the purpose of growing cancer cells in a laboratory? to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients to replace cancer cells with healthy cells to provide evidence of cancer cells in the patient to stop the cancer from growing in the patient

to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients

Which is the end result of cytokinesis? one cell that has two identical copies of DNA one cell that has two different copies of DNA two cells that have two identical copies of DNA two cells that have two different copies of DNA

two cells that have two identical copies of DNA

The Venn diagram compares aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Which statement could be categorized in the overlapping section of the Venn diagram? uses pyruvic acid has commercial uses regenerates NADH produces 36 ATP

uses pyruvic acid

Which best lists the end products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? ATP and NADPH CO2 and H2O ATP, NADPH, and O2 C6H12O6 and O2

ATP, NADPH, and O2

What do alcohol fermentation, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle have in common? All produce water. All produce carbon dioxide. All produce ATP. All produce alcohol.

All produce carbon dioxide.

Which statement best distinguishes an observation from an inference? An inference is likely to change based on additional observations. An observation is likely to change based on additional inferences. An observation involves assumptions, but an inference does not. An inference involves the senses, but an observation does not.

An inference is likely to change based on additional observations.

A species of mud snail was studied for five years. During this time, scientists observed the season in which they mated, the number of offspring they produced, and the results of such stressors as drought, famine, and lack of mates. Which question were the scientists most likely studying? What is the food source most often chosen by the mud snail? Are mud snails able to reproduce both asexually and sexually? Are mud snails more likely to choose mates with colorful shells? Do mud snails prefer to live in water or near a water source?

Are mud snails able to reproduce both asexually and sexually?

Which best describes reproduction? Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction allows for diploid gametes to combine to increase genetic variation. Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of haploid gametes. Sexual reproduction does not require the production of gametes.

Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent.

What do all cellular activities in living organisms use as a source of energy? ATP lactic acid pyruvic acid glucose

ATP

How do ATP and NADPH connect light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis? ATP and NADPH are produced in both reactions. ATP and NADPH are used in both reactions. ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions. ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-independent reactions and used in the light-dependent reactions.

ATP and NADPH are produced in the light-dependent reactions and used in the light-independent reactions.

What is one role of ATP in the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis? ATP supplies the energy to produce glucose and other carbohydrates. ATP is produced when water molecules are split and chlorophyll electrons are excited. ATP supplies the energy to split water molecules. ATP produces CO2 and O2 molecules.

ATP supplies the energy to produce glucose and other carbohydrates.

Which is required for the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis to occur? H2O ATP NADPH CO2

H2O

The diagram summarizes the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. What is the input of the light-dependent reactions, labeled X? CO2, H2O, O2, and light CO2, H2O, and light CO2 and H2O H2O and light

H2O and light

Which statement best explains why meiosis produces haploid cells rather than diploid cells? Haploid cells join to form an organism that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent. Haploid cells join to form an organism that has a complete set of chromosomes. Haploid cells join to form an organism that has double the number of chromosomes as the parent. Haploid cells join to form an organism that is genetically identical to the parent.

Haploid cells join to form an organisms that has a complete set of chromosomes.

Which compound is produced during regeneration? PGA G3P RuBP rubisco

RuBP

Which series lists the structural components of the light-dependent reactions in order, from smallest to largest? chlorophyll ® thylakoid ® stroma ® chloroplast chloroplast ® thylakoid ® stroma ® chlorophyll chlorophyll ® thylakoid ® grana ® chloroplast chloroplast ® thylakoid ® grana ® chlorophyll

chlorophyll ® thylakoid ® grana ® chloroplast

Which statement best describes the process of chemiosmosis and the direct result of its occurrence? Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ADP is converted to ATP. Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ATP is converted to ADP. Hydrogen ions flow from the stroma down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the thylakoid. ADP is converted to ATP. Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid against a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ADP is converted to ATP.

Hydrogen ions flow from the thylakoid down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase channels into the stroma. ADP is converted to ATP.

Why is meiosis important for organisms? It allows for genetic variation among organisms. It determines which genes are dominant and which are recessive. It produces genetically identical cells. It provides a means of asexual reproduction.

It allows for genetic variation among organisms.

The graphic shows the citric acid cycle. During the citric acid cycle, what happens to acetyl-CoA? It enters the citric acid cycle and gains carbon dioxide to form citric acid, and gains more carbon dioxide through redox reactions to form a 4-carbon molecule. It enters the citric acid cycle and associates with a 4-carbon molecule, forming citric acid, and then through redox reactions regenerates the 4-carbon molecule. It enters glycolysis and associates with a 5-carbon molecule through redox reactions, forming another acetyl-CoA molecule. It enters the citric acid cycle and associates with a 4-carbon molecule, forming a 5-carbon compound, and then through oxidation reactions regenerates the 4-carbon molecule.

It enters the citric acid cycle and associates with a 4-carbon molecule, forming citric acid, and then through redox reactions regenerates the 4-carbon molecule.

Which statement about cellular respiration is true? It produces oxygen. It requires water. It is used by every living cell. It converts energy to food.

It is used by every living cell.

How has the study of mitosis affected scientists' knowledge of cancer? It led to a study of how to induce cancer cells to divide more rapidly. It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly. It led to the development of contact-inhibition regulators. It led to the discovery of how to prevent cancer cells from dividing.

It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly.

Which statement best summarizes the importance of meiosis to reproduction? It produces diploid cells that are needed for sexual reproduction. It produces diploid cells that are needed for asexual reproduction. It produces gametes that are needed for sexual reproduction. It produces gametes that are needed for asexual reproduction.

It produces gametes that are needed for sexual reproduction.

What role does cellular respiration play in the carbon cycle? It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during glycolysis. It removes CO2 from the atmosphere during the citric acid cycle. It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during acetyl CoA formation. It releases CO2 to the atmosphere during electron transport.

It releases CO2 to the atmoshphere during acetyl CoA formation.

The diagram shows the inside of a eukaryotic cell. Which process occurs in the structures that are labeled X? lactic acid fermentation alcohol fermentation glycolysis Krebs cycle

Krebs cycle

Which events take place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? Light energy is converted sugars; sugars are broken down for energy. Light energy is captured by plants; light energy is used to make sugar. Light energy is converted to chemical energy; chemical energy is used to make sugar. Light energy is captured by plants; light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Light energy is captured by plants; light energy is converted to chemical energy.

Which is considered a scientific observation? Akon explained that cells need energy which is why animals eat food. Jacinta correlated that high sweat levels were due to a high heart rate. Mahir noticed the plants he watered grew taller than those with less water. Kai decided plants are green because of the chlorophyll used to make food.

Mahir noticed the plants he watered grew taller than those with less water.

To which substance does ferredoxin transfer an electron? photosystem I photosystem II NADP+ NADPH

NADP+

Scientists use tissue cultures to study possible medicines that can be used to treat cancer patients. What is one benefit of this procedure? Patients do not receive harmful or ineffective medication. The cultured cells are not in their normal environment. Doctors know how to treat all types of cancer. One tissue culture can be used for all cancer patients.

Patients do not receive harmful or ineffective medication.

Stella wants to test the hypothesis "If carbon dioxide levels increase, the growth rate of sunflowers will increase." She places five young sunflower plants into similar containers and sets up pumps that release different amounts of carbon dioxide into each container. She plans to measure the daily height of the plants for two weeks and graph the data. Which additional considerations would produce the most reliable experimental results? She should also provide mist to each of the plants to keep the air moist and fertilize the plants. She should record her data in a bar graph for easy analysis. She should increase her sample size to 50 plants and place them all in the same area. The plants receiving less CO2 should be given a little more water. She should be sure to give all the flowers the same amount of water. She should make observations twice a day for four weeks for better results. She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it. She should also give each plant the same amount of water.

She should place one flower in a similar container, but not pump carbon dioxide into it. She should also give each plant the same amount of water.

After Frida stops exercising, she continues to breathe heavily. What is most likely occurring in her body? Heavy breathing during exercise has produced an oxygen surplus in her muscles. This oxygen is being transported to her lungs. This is a result of aerobic respiration. Heavy breathing during exercise has produced a carbon dioxide surplus in her muscles. Lactate is being transported to her liver. This is a result of aerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in carbon dioxide debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration. Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.

Strenuous exercise has caused her body to be in oxygen debt, and she is breathing hard while lactate is transported to the liver. This is a result of anaerobic respiration.

Which statement best distinguishes the light-dependent (L-D) reactions from the light-independent (L-IND) reactions? The L-D reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane, and the L-IND reactions occur in the stroma. The L-D reactions occur in the cytoplasm, and the L-IND reactions occur in the chloroplast. The L-D reactions occur in the chloroplast, and the L-IND reactions occur in the mitochondria. The L-D reactions occur in the stroma, and the L-IND reactions occur in the cytoplasm.

The L-D reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane, and the L-IND reactions occur in the stroma.

The equation shows cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. What happens to the energy in the bonds in glucose? The energy is transferred to oxygen. The energy is transferred to carbon dioxide. The energy is transferred to water. The energy is transferred to ATP.

The energy is transferred to ATP.

Jasmine and Marcus are at the park, and Jasmine makes the following statements. Which of them is an inference? The leaves are green. The flowers are breathtaking. The plant is producing oxygen. The bush has thorns.

The plant is producing oxygen.

After several miles of running and sprinting in intervals, the runner's muscles ache and feel fatigued. Which is the best explanation for what has occurred? The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid. The runner's body has failed to perform cellular respiration. The runner's cells are relying completely on aerobic respiration. The runner's muscles have accumulated carbon dioxide.

The runner's muscles have accumulated lactic acid.

Which statement best describes cancer cells? They grow as a single layer of cells. They cease to reproduce after 20-50 mitotic divisions. They reproduce only when needed to replace missing cells. They are not regulated by contact inhibition.

They are not regulated by contact inhibition.

Which statement about the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis is true? They occur in the thylakoids. They produce ATP and NADPH. They release oxygen as waste. They comprise the Calvin cycle.

They comprise the Calvin cycle.

Which discovery did Gregor Mendel make? Traits are inherited independently of each other. Traits are inherited as a tetrad. Traits are inherited as homologous pairs. Traits are inherited as a set, from one parent.

Traits are inherited independently of each other.

Which process occurs during the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis? Water molecules are split. Carbon fixation occurs. PGA is reduced. RuBP is regenerated.

Water molecules are split.

Which process connects glycolysis and the citric acid cycle? lactic acid formation acetyl CoA formation electron transport Krebs cycle

acetyl CoA formation

Centromeres split apart during ______________. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

anaphase

In which type of reproduction can cells divide through the process of mitosis? chromosome duplication sexual reproduction gamete formation asexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

Rapid reproduction is an advantage of which process? gamete formation sexual reproduction asexual reproduction chromosome duplication

asexual reproduction

Which process produces a greater number of offspring? chromosome duplication asexual reproduction gamete formation sexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

Which process produces clones? asexual reproduction sexual reproduction chromosome duplication gamete formation

asexual reproduction

Which is the first step in the scientific method? ask a question conduct background research construct a hypothesis perform an experiment

ask a question

It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can grow into giant super cells. undergo meiosis. become cancer cells. produce two identical cells.

become cancer cells.

Which describes the process of a bacterial cell dividing to create two daughter cells? binary fission fertilization meiosis gamete formation

binary fission

How does ATP supply energy for cellular activities? by breaking off a phosphate group from its structure by releasing the sugar molecule from its structure by adding a phosphate group to its structure by attaching itself to a glucose molecule

by breaking off a phosphate group from its structure

Which is required for the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis to occur? water sunlight oxygen carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide

Consider this animal cell. Which organelle is labeled H? cell membrane cell wall endoplasmic reticulum nucleus

cell membrane

Which term identifies a light-absorbing pigment? photosystem granum thylakoid chlorophyll

chlorophyll