Biology 101 r

How many millimeters (mm) are in 2.5 cm? 2.5 250 25 .25

25

Convert 2.5 kg to g. 25 0.025 2500 250

2500

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes? 0% 100% 50% 25% 75%

50%

Convert 0.539 g to mg. 539 53.90 5.39 5390

539

Which of the following statements is not correctly matched with the given scientific method term? A researcher reported that red-foot tortoises preferred red-colored fruits and vegetables to those that were green or white. (Conclusion) Bethany watched butterflies feeding in a large field of wild flowers. She noticed that more butterflies approached the yellow and purple flowers than the red flowers. (Observation) Biologists suggested that 2-3 cups of coffee per day can decrease death rates among women. (Hypothesis) Leslie set up mist nets to catch bats flying over a small stream. Each bat that was caught was weighed and sexed. (Experimental design) All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection)

All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection)

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms? Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Bacteria and Archaea Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Bacteria and Archaea

A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family? Blonde hair color is an autosomal dominant trait. Blonde hair color;conveys a lethal mutation. Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait. Blonde hair color;is a sex-linked recessive trait. Blonde hair color is a sex-linked dominant trait.

Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait.

What characteristic is common of both a genetic bottleneck and a founder effect? Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity. Both encounter a population crash. Both involve a portion of a population becoming isolated. Both are a type of natural selection. Both affect the entire population.

Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity.

hat do transitional fossils illustrate? All life is related. All transitional links are now extinct. Natural selection happened long ago just as it does today. Convergent evolution occurred in the ancient past. Shared ancestral traits. 

Convergent evolution occurred in the ancient past.

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic? Cretaceous Devonian Triassic Jurassic Permian

Cretaceous

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction? DNA to mRNA to protein DNA to tRNA to mRNA to protein DNA to DNA to protein mRNA to DNA to protein DNA to rRNA to protein

DNA to mRNA to protein

Which of the following is not true with regard to the law of segregation? Each gamete contains two genes for each trait. Genes segregate during gamete formation. Each individual has two factors for each trait. During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait. Gametes contain only one gene from each pair.

Each gamete contains two genes for each trait.

Which of the following cannot be determined from the fossil record? Diversity has changed through time. Evidence of every species that ever existed. Evidence of prior natural disasters/catastrophes exist. Geologic uplift has occurred. Transitional fossils exist.

Evidence of every species that ever existed.

Members of two different species are never capable of mating. True False

False

Shared derived traits are found in all members of the ingroup of a clade . True False

False

The artificial selection of different breeds of dogs is an example of speciation. True False

False

Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype. True, because both parents have the dominant allele. False, because one parent could carry the recessive allele. True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent. False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele. True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.

False, because both parents could carry the recessive allele.

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype: FFGg? Fg FG, Fg, fG, fg Fg, FG FF Fg, fG

Fg, FG

How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus? It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation. It provides a strong anchor for the fungus. It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus. It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture. It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores.

It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.

Which is not an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution? The organisms on the islands varied from island to island. The islands were too far from mainland South America for most terrestrial plants and animals to colonize. The multiple islands all had an identical environment. The organisms on the islands were similar to those observed in South America. The organisms on the islands were different from those observed in South America.

The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population? The recovered population is as likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck. The recovered population is more likely to go extinct as is the population prior to the bottleneck. The bottleneck subjected the population to directional selection. The recovered population shows more genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck. The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.

The recovered population shows less genetic diversity than the population prior to the bottleneck.

Cladograms show the sequence of evolution of the characters in a clade. True False

True

Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera. True False

True

Which of the following can hold about 2 kiloliters of water? a coffee mug medicine dropper a pool a lemonade pitcher

a pool

Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population? mutation sexual reproduction genetic recombination adaptation independent assortment of alleles

adaptation

Which of the following groups provides protection and nourishment to the embryo? gymnosperms only bryophytes only angiosperms only all plants lycophytes only

all plants

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents. examples of some of the offspring that can arise from a one-trait cross. the gametes from one parent. the gametes from both parents. an exact ratio that must always occur when the same parents have four offspring.

all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents.

Alleles are dominant traits. two versions of the same trait. alternate versions of the same trait. recessive traits. exact copies of the same trait.

alternate versions of the same trait.

Similarity due to convergent evolution is called homology. taxonomy. cladistics. analogy. phylogeny.

analogy.

Which of these worms are segmented? planarians All worms are segmented. flukes annelids roundworms

annelids

Shared derived traits are homologies found between the ingroup and the outgroup. are shared only by common ancestors. are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup. are shared by all organisms on the cladogram. are found within members of the outgroup.

are homologies found only in certain members of the ingroup.

Homologous structures are shared by organisms of the same genus. have fully divergent functions. are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. have identical functions. are also called analogous structures.

are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

Animals are not motile. heterotrophic. multicellular. autotrophic. eukaryotic.

autotrophic.

Which are the most numerous and diverse vertebrates? lancelets cartilaginous fishes mammals reptiles bony fishes

bony fishes

The smallest unit of life is a(n) cell. tissue. organ. organism. species.

cell.

Which of these is a bivalve? octopus snail clam conch squid

clam

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of common ancestry. biogeography. convergent evolution. analogy. artificial selection.

common ancestry.

Which of the following is the most encompassing level of organization? cells species ecosystem class population

ecosystem

In science, a theory is tested by an experiment. encompasses many hypotheses. cannot be tested. is held to be an absolutely correct answer to a question. is more narrow in scope than a hypothesis.

encompasses many hypotheses.

Which geological timescale contains the greatest number of years? decades periods epochs eras centuries

eras

What characteristics of Archaeopteryx tell us that it is a link to reptiles and birds? tail with vertebrae teeth and a tail with vertebrae teeth feathers and teeth feathers

feathers and teeth

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is to prove the hypothesis. to prove the prediction. for comparison to the other test groups. for comparison to the results of other experiments. to control the dependent variable.

for comparison to the other test groups.

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's gene flow. genome. gene pool. genotype. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

gene pool

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of industrial melanism. founder effect. natural selection. gene flow. genetic drift.

genetic drift.

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the order name. family name. binomial name. specific epithet. genus.

genus.

If a plant has vascular tissue, megaphylls, and seeds, but not flowers, then it is a(n) angiosperm. fern. gymnosperm. bryophyte. lycophyte.

gymnosperm.

Conifers such as pine trees are classified as gymnosperms. bryophytes. lycophytes. angiosperms. charophytes.

gymnosperms.

A shared ancestral characteristic used in cladistics is found in two of the outgroups. only in the two most recent ancestors. only among the members of the ingroup. only in the most distant ancestor. in both the outgroup and the ingroup.

in both the outgroup and the ingroup.

A phylogenetic tree includes the organism's order and class. indicates the organism's taxon. uses only derived characters. indicates common ancestors for each family. indicates common ancestors.

indicates common ancestors.

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods? millipedes crustaceans insects arachnids centipedes

insects

Wings of insects and birds are results of convergent evolution. This means that insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways. these organisms have different adaptations to different environments. insects must have evolved from birds. the insects and birds must be related to possess such similar qualities. these organisms share a recent common ancestor and so have similar adaptations.

insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways.

Which of these has radial symmetry? nudibranch jellyfish planarian roundworm human

jellyfish

Pollen grains are megaspores. female gametophytes. embryonic sporophytes. male gametophytes. encapsulated ovules.

male gametophytes.

Which unit would be best to measure the length of a car? inches meters kilometers centimeters

meters

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by molecular evidence and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. molecular evidence and anatomical homologies. molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records.

molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records.

Which of the following would not result in a decrease of genetic variation? natural selection genetic drift founder effect mutation bottleneck effect

mutation

Cyanobacteria are important producers, more specifically called saprotrophs. saproautotrophs. chemoautotrophs. photoautotrophs. photoheterotrophs.

photoautotrophs.

Which group of organisms are viroids (not viruses) most likely to parasitize? fungi cattle fish bacteria plants

plants

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance? polygenic simple Mendelian inheritance codominance multiple allele systems incomplete dominance

polygenic

Two species are said to be closely related if they possess a common ancestor. can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. have a shared gene pool. can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. are reproductively isolated from each other.

possess a common ancestor.

Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant big brown bats. What would the test group be in this experiment? juvenile female bats male bats juvenile male bats pregnant bats female bats that were not pregnant

pregnant bats

Which of the following classification categories for humans is not correct? Animalia; kingdom sapiens; family Homo; genus Homo sapiens; binomial name Domain; Eukarya

sapiens; family

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following? changes of any scale within microorganisms any evolution at any scale large-scale changes over a long period of time small-scale changes over a short period of time small-scale changes over a long period of time

small-scale changes over a short period of time

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive? species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order family, genus, species domain, kingdom, class, order, family, phylum, genus, species phylum, species, genus, kingdom, domain, order, class, family species, genus, family, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom Question 4

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Linked genes tend to be close together on a single chromosome. never cross over during prophase I. always assort independently. are found on homologous chromosomes. undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate.

tend to be close together on a single chromosome.

When hiking high in the mountains, you find fossil marine shells lying about. This provides evidence that marine animals are not restricted to living in the ocean. very high ocean waves brought the shells to the top of the mountain. shelled marine animals live on the top of mountains. the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

African sleeping sickness is caused by a prion. sporozoan. bacterium. virus. trypanosome.

trypanosome.

Protists can be colonial only. unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. unicellular or colonial, but not multicellular. unicellular only. colonial or multicellular, but not unicellular.

unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

The fermentation capabilities of ________ are used to produce bread and alcoholic beverages. molds chytrids lichens mycorrhizal fungi yeasts

yeasts