Biology 1010 Unit 2 Test
The emergence of Earth's earliest cells might never have happened if phospholipids did not exhibit which one of these characteristics?.
the ability to self-assemble into simple membranes
Entropy means that __________.
the quantity of usable energy declines with each energy transformation
water crosses the plasma membrane
through facilitated diffusion or diffusion
ATP drives work in cells by __________.
transferring its phosphate group to other cell molecules
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will __________.
lose water by osmosis and shrivel
Scientists are exploring an area of modern science called nanotechnology that involves __________.
manipulation of materials at the molecular level
Enzymes work by
reducing activation energy
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?
substrate
What is kinetic energy
Energy of motion
What is a byproduct of cellular respiration?
Heat and Water
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
Hydrolysis
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.
Potential
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.
is unchanged
Which one of the following terms is sometimes called "cell eating"?
phagocytosis
Most enzymes are
proteins
How do some inhibitors slow down metabolic pathways when the products of the pathways are not needed but still allow a pathway to proceed when the products are needed?
The inhibitors are the products of the metabolic pathway.
the sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. this is an example of
active transport
What are the components of a molecule of ATP?
an organic molecule called adenosine plus three phosphate groups
Enzymes are proteins that behave as
catalysts
An enzyme is a protein that __________.
changes the rate of a metabolic reaction without being consumed by the reaction
the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. this describes the process of
endocytosis
calories are units of
energy
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
Activation energy can be described as __________.
energy that must be invested to start a reaction
Every time energy is converted from one form to another, __________.
entropy increases
a molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. this is an example of
facilitated diffusion
Hypertonic
having a higher concentration of solute
Hypotonic
having a lower concentration of solute
In osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward the __________ solution; that is, toward the solution with the __________ solute concentration.
hypertonic ... greater
What is ATP made of?
Adenine, Ribose, 3 Phosphate groups
Cells use this molecule to store the chemical energy released by the breakdown of food molecules during cellular respiration.
ATP
in your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
Cellular Respiration
Molecules of food have a form of potential energy called __________.
chemical energy
isotonic
concentration gradient is the same
active transport
molecules move across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient
An enzyme is an
organic catalyst