Biology 1010 Unit 2 Test

The emergence of Earth's earliest cells might never have happened if phospholipids did not exhibit which one of these characteristics?.

the ability to self-assemble into simple membranes

Entropy means that __________.

the quantity of usable energy declines with each energy transformation

water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion

ATP drives work in cells by __________.

transferring its phosphate group to other cell molecules

An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will __________.

lose water by osmosis and shrivel

Scientists are exploring an area of modern science called nanotechnology that involves __________.

manipulation of materials at the molecular level

Enzymes work by

reducing activation energy

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

substrate

What is kinetic energy

Energy of motion

What is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Heat and Water

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

Hydrolysis

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

Potential

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.

is unchanged

Which one of the following terms is sometimes called "cell eating"?

phagocytosis

Most enzymes are

proteins

How do some inhibitors slow down metabolic pathways when the products of the pathways are not needed but still allow a pathway to proceed when the products are needed?

The inhibitors are the products of the metabolic pathway.

the sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. this is an example of

active transport

What are the components of a molecule of ATP?

an organic molecule called adenosine plus three phosphate groups

Enzymes are proteins that behave as

catalysts

An enzyme is a protein that __________.

changes the rate of a metabolic reaction without being consumed by the reaction

the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. this describes the process of

endocytosis

calories are units of

energy

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Activation energy can be described as __________.

energy that must be invested to start a reaction

Every time energy is converted from one form to another, __________.

entropy increases

a molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. this is an example of

facilitated diffusion

Hypertonic

having a higher concentration of solute

Hypotonic

having a lower concentration of solute

In osmosis, water moves across a selectively permeable membrane toward the __________ solution; that is, toward the solution with the __________ solute concentration.

hypertonic ... greater

What is ATP made of?

Adenine, Ribose, 3 Phosphate groups

Cells use this molecule to store the chemical energy released by the breakdown of food molecules during cellular respiration.

ATP

in your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

Cellular Respiration

Molecules of food have a form of potential energy called __________.

chemical energy

isotonic

concentration gradient is the same

active transport

molecules move across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient

An enzyme is an

organic catalyst