Biology 1050 Unit 3 Quizzes
You find unduplicated chromosomes in G1 of the cell cycle. You find duplicated chromosomes in G2 of the cell cycle. How many double helices of DNA are in one chromosome during G1 phase?
1
Cats reproduce sexually, are diploid and have 38 chromosomes (n=19). Where do the chromosomes in a cat zygote come from?
19 from a sperm cell, 19 from an egg
Where do the chromosomes in a human zygote come from?
23 from a sperm cell, 23 from an egg
One duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. In prophase of mitosis you see 12 duplicated chromosomes in a cell. This cell type has n of
6
By definition, the number of types of chromosomes is n. For a given cell, n = 16. How many double helices of DNA are there during G2 of the mitotic cell cycle?
64
One duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. In prophase of mitosis you see 18 duplicated chromosomes in a cell. This cell type has n of
9
Sister chromatids are made by
DNA synthesis during S phase
In the mitotic cell cycle, which of the following would most immediately come after the S phase?
G2 phase
Of the following, which would happen next after the synthesis of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle?
G2 phase
Starting at the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle, which of the following would come next?
G2 phase
There is one gene for protein R. It is called gene R. Gene R has alleles G and g in the population you are studying. Which of the following is always true?
If one allele for gene R is on chromosome 20, then an allele for gene R is at the same locus on the other copy of chromosome 20.
Sister chromatids are made during.
S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles
sister chromatids are made during
S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles
Imagine you work in a lab and prepare two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 100 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance Q to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance Q is a growth factor?
You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells.
Imagine you work in a lab and prepared two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 1000 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance X to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance X is a growth factor?
You add X to one dish; when you count later the dish with X has 2000 cells and the dish without X has 1000 cells.
Which of the following organisms is using asexual reproduction?
a budding hydra
Imagine you are working in a lab and want cells in a Petri dish to divide. What would you do?
add growth factors and nutrients
You would find sister chromatids
after DNA replication and before metaphase
Which of the following organisms is using sexual reproduction?
an anemone that reproduces by making eggs that are fertilized
The sister chromatids have just separated and are now the daughter chromosomes moving to opposite poles of a cell in mitosis. This cell is in
anaphase
Homologous chromosomes separate from each other during meiosis. This happens during
anaphase I
The microtubules of the cytoskeleton are made of tubulin. The microtubules
are large in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis
The actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
are small in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis
Prokaryotic cells divide by
binary fission
Which of the following refers to a type of asexual reproduction?
budding
Sexually transmitted diseases
can be cured with antibiotics if they are bacterial and caught early
Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?
cancer
Which of the following lists includes things that happen to the cytoskeleton during the mitotic cell cycle in the correct order?
centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis
centrosomes
connect to microtubules that pull on kinetochores
When actin microfilaments divide a cell into two cells during the mitotic cell cycle it is
cytokinesis
Removing growth factors from the environment around dividing cells is most likely going to
decrease the rate of cell division
For this question, the cells divide in response to activation of the growth factor receptor, but not cell density. If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to
divide more frequently than usual
If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to
divide more frequently than usual
If a mutation that caused a relay protein for a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to
divide more frequently than usual
You have a cell line that does not have density-dependent inhibition. You mutate a receptor for brain-derived growth factor in the cell line. The mutation makes the receptor take the shape it would be in if the growth factor were bound to the receptor. In other words, the receptor becomes an oncogene. Compared to cells of this line without the mutation, the cells with the oncogene would
divide more frequently than usual
During the mitotic cell cycle the cytoskeleton does NOT
duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA
When in the life cycle do cells go from being haploid to being diploid?
during fertilization
You would find sister chromatids
during the G2 phase of the cell cycle
In a cell that will undergo meiosis to make sperm cells, one copy of each type of chromosome came from the mother and the other copy came from the father of the organism. During meiosis
each daughter cell usually has alleles from each parent
What are the correct names, in order for the stages of mammalian development?
egg, zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, infant
Which of the following is the correct order for the path sperm cells take to leave the male body?
epididymus, vas deferens, urethra
Which happens next after gametes are made in the human life cycle?
fertilization
Which of the following refers to a type of sexual reproduction?
fertilization of an egg
Which of the following is the correct order of the events of pregnancy through childbirth?
fertilization, implantation, dilation, expulsion
In humans, which of the following stages occurs next after embryo?
fetus
Each tetrad of duplicated homologous chromosomes
forms during prophase I of meiosis
You start with one cell where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to ten, and watch it undergo meiosis. At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis II you would see
four cells, each with ten chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes of the same type. Homologous chromosomes
have different alleles
Assuming there are no mutations, sister chromatids
have identical DNA sequences to each other
Homologous chromosomes do NOT
have the same alleles
Sister chromatids
have the same genes
sister chromatids
have the same lengths
Assuming no mutations or crossing over events, homologous chromosomes
have the same lengths as each other
Assuming no mutations or crossing over events, sister chromatids
have the same lengths as each other, have the same alleles as each other
In a human, the egg travels from
he ovary through the oviduct to the uterus through the cervix and vagina
centromeres
hold sister chromatids together through metaphase
Which of the following happens FIRST of the steps of meiosis listed below?
homologous chromosomes separate
Meiosis I, meiosis II and mitosis have similarities and differences. A major difference between meiosis I and mitosis is that during meiosis I
homologous non-sister chromatids exchange alleles by crossing over
Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. New cell wall material is deposited from vesicles
in plant cells during cytokinesis
In humans, fertilization is most likely to occur
in the oviduct
where does fertilization normally take place?
in the oviduct
In a human, the prostate
is a valve that lets only urine or only semen into the urethra.
binary fission
is how prokaryotes reproduce
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?
it generates genetic diversity
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
it generates more new combinations of alleles than asexual reproduction
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?
it is more effective than sexual reproduction when population density is low
Which type of contraception also gives some protection against sexually transmitted diseases?
latex condoms
The purpose of the mitotic cell cycle (not just mitosis) is to
make more identical cells
Exactly one copy of each type of chromosome is in each daughter cell after
meiosis
You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to four. You look down the microscope and see one cell with four duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in
metaphase 2 of meiosis
You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to nine. You look down the microscope and see one cell with eighteen duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in
metaphase of mitosis
You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to seven. You look down the microscope and see one cell with fourteen duplicated chromosomes lined up individually on the metaphase plate. This cell is in
metaphase of mitosis
Which of the following is most likely to stop a cell at the G2 checkpoint?
mistakes in the replication of DNA
Which happens next after fertilization in the human life cycle?
mitosis of diploid cells
During anaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes
move to opposite poles of the cell
During anaphase, the chromosomes
move to the opposite poles of the cell
Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. In plant cells, but not animal cells, during cytokinesis
new cell wall material is deposited into vesicles
There is exactly one double helix of DNA in
one non-duplicated chromosome
Which part of the female reproductive system is where meiosis occurs?
ovaries
In woman, an egg is released from a follicle in the _____, then travels through the oviduct to the uterus.
ovary
In a woman, the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus through the
oviduct
Assume no mutations for this question. You are studying a multicellular animal. All of the cells that are NOT dividing have
pairs of homologous chromosomes with one from the mom and one from the dad
When does the nuclear envelope dissolve?
prophase/ prometaphase
The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Microtubules are used in the mitotic cell cycle for
pulling the sister chromatids apart
Which of the following is LEAST likely to directly involve the cytoskeleton?
repairing mutations when the DNA is replicated
Exposing cells to growth factors is most likely going to
send the cells through the G1 checkpoint
Which of the following is a type of contraception that prevents fertilization by chemically preventing the sperm from fertilizing the egg?
spermicides
In the mitotic cell cycle, if the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome have both of their kinetochores bound to the same pair of centrioles with microtubules, then the cell will most likely
stop at metaphase
When there are mistakes in the replication of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle, the cell is most likely going to
stop at the G2 checkpoint
In a man, the sperm are released into the seminiferous tubules of the _____ in the scrotum, before traveling through the epididymus.
testicle
During metaphase I of meiosis
tetrads are aligned together in the middle of the cell
During the human life cycle
the adults and zygotes are diploid
During the human life cycle
the adults are diploid and the gametes are haploid
Which of the following describes a cell with n = 9?
the cell has 9 tetrads on the metaphase plate during metaphase I
During metaphase of mitosis
the chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
Where does a blastocyst implant for a normal pregnancy?
the endometrium of the uterus
Asexual reproduction is more advantageous than sexual reproduction when
the environment is constant, because new combinations of alleles are not as important as when the environment is changing
During metaphase I of meiosis
the kinetochores of each homologous chromosome are attached to the same centrosome
The purpose of _______________ is making more cells to repair wounds and replace dead cells, for asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes, and for growth during development.
the mitotic cell cycle
Of the events below, which would happen NEXT after the DNA was replicated?
the mitotic spindle would start to form
Of the events below, which would happen NEXT in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?
the mitotic spindle would start to form
Which of the following happens LAST during the mitotic cell cycle?
the nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes
You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You do not add chemical A to set 1, but you add chemical A to set 2. You wait a three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that is most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be
the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment
You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You do not add chemical A to set 1, but you add chemical A to set 2. You wait three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that would be most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be
the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment
Of the events below, which would happen LAST in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?
the plasma membrane would form a cleavage furrow and would divide the cell into two daughter cells
During anaphase of mitosis
the sister chromatids separate from each other
Which of the following prevents a sperm from the wrong species from fertilizing an egg?
the sperm receptors on the egg
Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before anaphase?
the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores
Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before metaphase
the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores
Of the following choices, in humans the next location a sperm cell would be found in after being in the vas deferens would be
the urethra
Which part of the female reproductive system is where the sperm are usually deposited and is also the birth canal?
the vagina
Which of the following prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing an egg?
the vitelline reaction
The purpose of the mitotic cell cycle is
to generate a daughter cell that is identical to the cell that divides
The purpose of the meiotic cell cycle is
to generate haploid gametes for sexual reproduction
The purpose of mitosis is
to get exactly one copy of each chromosome into each daughter cell.
the purpose of meiosis is
to get exactly one copy of each type of chromosome into each daughter cell
The purpose of the meiosis (not the whole meiotic cell cycle) is
to get exactly one copy of each type of chromosome into each daughter cell.
When do cells divide by going through the meiotic cell cycle?
to make sperm
When do cells divide by going through the mitotic cell cycle?
to replace dead cells
Which of the following lists the stages of pregnancy and childbirth in the correct order?
transition from embryo to fetus, dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, delivery of the placenta
Which of the following are identical?
two sister chromatids
During telophase of mitosis, the chromosomes
uncoil from their condensed state
In humans, blastocysts normally implant in the
uterus
When in the life cycle are there meiotic cell divisions?
when the games are made in the gonads