Biology 1050 Unit 3 Quizzes

You find unduplicated chromosomes in G1 of the cell cycle. You find duplicated chromosomes in G2 of the cell cycle. How many double helices of DNA are in one chromosome during G1 phase?

1

Cats reproduce sexually, are diploid and have 38 chromosomes (n=19). Where do the chromosomes in a cat zygote come from?

19 from a sperm cell, 19 from an egg

Where do the chromosomes in a human zygote come from?

23 from a sperm cell, 23 from an egg

One duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. In prophase of mitosis you see 12 duplicated chromosomes in a cell. This cell type has n of

6

By definition, the number of types of chromosomes is n. For a given cell, n = 16. How many double helices of DNA are there during G2 of the mitotic cell cycle?

64

One duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. In prophase of mitosis you see 18 duplicated chromosomes in a cell. This cell type has n of

9

Sister chromatids are made by

DNA synthesis during S phase

In the mitotic cell cycle, which of the following would most immediately come after the S phase?

G2 phase

Of the following, which would happen next after the synthesis of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle?

G2 phase

Starting at the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle, which of the following would come next?

G2 phase

There is one gene for protein R. It is called gene R. Gene R has alleles G and g in the population you are studying. Which of the following is always true?

If one allele for gene R is on chromosome 20, then an allele for gene R is at the same locus on the other copy of chromosome 20.

Sister chromatids are made during.

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles

sister chromatids are made during

S phase of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles

Imagine you work in a lab and prepare two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 100 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance Q to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance Q is a growth factor?

You add Q to one dish; when you count later the dish with Q has 300 cells and the dish without Q has 100 cells.

Imagine you work in a lab and prepared two Petri dishes with plenty of nutrients and exactly the same density of cultured skin cells. The density starts at 1000 cells per dish. The cells are low enough density that they are not touching each other. The professor you work with asked you to test substance X to see if it is a growth factor. Which experiment and result would most strongly support the hypothesis that substance X is a growth factor?

You add X to one dish; when you count later the dish with X has 2000 cells and the dish without X has 1000 cells.

Which of the following organisms is using asexual reproduction?

a budding hydra

Imagine you are working in a lab and want cells in a Petri dish to divide. What would you do?

add growth factors and nutrients

You would find sister chromatids

after DNA replication and before metaphase

Which of the following organisms is using sexual reproduction?

an anemone that reproduces by making eggs that are fertilized

The sister chromatids have just separated and are now the daughter chromosomes moving to opposite poles of a cell in mitosis. This cell is in

anaphase

Homologous chromosomes separate from each other during meiosis. This happens during

anaphase I

The microtubules of the cytoskeleton are made of tubulin. The microtubules

are large in diameter and move the chromosomes during mitosis

The actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton

are small in diameter and divide the cell during cytokinesis

Prokaryotic cells divide by

binary fission

Which of the following refers to a type of asexual reproduction?

budding

Sexually transmitted diseases

can be cured with antibiotics if they are bacterial and caught early

Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer?

cancer

Which of the following lists includes things that happen to the cytoskeleton during the mitotic cell cycle in the correct order?

centrosomes duplicate, mitotic spindles form, microtubules pull sister chromatids apart, cytokinesis

centrosomes

connect to microtubules that pull on kinetochores

When actin microfilaments divide a cell into two cells during the mitotic cell cycle it is

cytokinesis

Removing growth factors from the environment around dividing cells is most likely going to

decrease the rate of cell division

For this question, the cells divide in response to activation of the growth factor receptor, but not cell density. If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to

divide more frequently than usual

If a cell had a mutation that caused a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to

divide more frequently than usual

If a mutation that caused a relay protein for a growth factor receptor to be stuck in the shape it normally had when growth factors were bound, then you would expect cells with this mutation to

divide more frequently than usual

You have a cell line that does not have density-dependent inhibition. You mutate a receptor for brain-derived growth factor in the cell line. The mutation makes the receptor take the shape it would be in if the growth factor were bound to the receptor. In other words, the receptor becomes an oncogene. Compared to cells of this line without the mutation, the cells with the oncogene would

divide more frequently than usual

During the mitotic cell cycle the cytoskeleton does NOT

duplicate the chromosomes, replicating the DNA

When in the life cycle do cells go from being haploid to being diploid?

during fertilization

You would find sister chromatids

during the G2 phase of the cell cycle

In a cell that will undergo meiosis to make sperm cells, one copy of each type of chromosome came from the mother and the other copy came from the father of the organism. During meiosis

each daughter cell usually has alleles from each parent

What are the correct names, in order for the stages of mammalian development?

egg, zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus, infant

Which of the following is the correct order for the path sperm cells take to leave the male body?

epididymus, vas deferens, urethra

Which happens next after gametes are made in the human life cycle?

fertilization

Which of the following refers to a type of sexual reproduction?

fertilization of an egg

Which of the following is the correct order of the events of pregnancy through childbirth?

fertilization, implantation, dilation, expulsion

In humans, which of the following stages occurs next after embryo?

fetus

Each tetrad of duplicated homologous chromosomes

forms during prophase I of meiosis

You start with one cell where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to ten, and watch it undergo meiosis. At the end of telophase II and cytokinesis II you would see

four cells, each with ten chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes of the same type. Homologous chromosomes

have different alleles

Assuming there are no mutations, sister chromatids

have identical DNA sequences to each other

Homologous chromosomes do NOT

have the same alleles

Sister chromatids

have the same genes

sister chromatids

have the same lengths

Assuming no mutations or crossing over events, homologous chromosomes

have the same lengths as each other

Assuming no mutations or crossing over events, sister chromatids

have the same lengths as each other, have the same alleles as each other

In a human, the egg travels from

he ovary through the oviduct to the uterus through the cervix and vagina

centromeres

hold sister chromatids together through metaphase

Which of the following happens FIRST of the steps of meiosis listed below?

homologous chromosomes separate

Meiosis I, meiosis II and mitosis have similarities and differences. A major difference between meiosis I and mitosis is that during meiosis I

homologous non-sister chromatids exchange alleles by crossing over

Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. New cell wall material is deposited from vesicles

in plant cells during cytokinesis

In humans, fertilization is most likely to occur

in the oviduct

where does fertilization normally take place?

in the oviduct

In a human, the prostate

is a valve that lets only urine or only semen into the urethra.

binary fission

is how prokaryotes reproduce

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

it generates genetic diversity

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

it generates more new combinations of alleles than asexual reproduction

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?

it is more effective than sexual reproduction when population density is low

Which type of contraception also gives some protection against sexually transmitted diseases?

latex condoms

The purpose of the mitotic cell cycle (not just mitosis) is to

make more identical cells

Exactly one copy of each type of chromosome is in each daughter cell after

meiosis

You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to four. You look down the microscope and see one cell with four duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in

metaphase 2 of meiosis

You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to nine. You look down the microscope and see one cell with eighteen duplicated chromosomes lined up on the metaphase plate. This cell is in

metaphase of mitosis

You are studying cells where the number of types of chromosomes (n) is equal to seven. You look down the microscope and see one cell with fourteen duplicated chromosomes lined up individually on the metaphase plate. This cell is in

metaphase of mitosis

Which of the following is most likely to stop a cell at the G2 checkpoint?

mistakes in the replication of DNA

Which happens next after fertilization in the human life cycle?

mitosis of diploid cells

During anaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes

move to opposite poles of the cell

During anaphase, the chromosomes

move to the opposite poles of the cell

Plant cells and animal cells both undergo mitosis and cytokinesis. In plant cells, but not animal cells, during cytokinesis

new cell wall material is deposited into vesicles

There is exactly one double helix of DNA in

one non-duplicated chromosome

Which part of the female reproductive system is where meiosis occurs?

ovaries

In woman, an egg is released from a follicle in the _____, then travels through the oviduct to the uterus.

ovary

In a woman, the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus through the

oviduct

Assume no mutations for this question. You are studying a multicellular animal. All of the cells that are NOT dividing have

pairs of homologous chromosomes with one from the mom and one from the dad

When does the nuclear envelope dissolve?

prophase/ prometaphase

The cytoskeleton plays a big role in the mitotic cell cycle. Microtubules are used in the mitotic cell cycle for

pulling the sister chromatids apart

Which of the following is LEAST likely to directly involve the cytoskeleton?

repairing mutations when the DNA is replicated

Exposing cells to growth factors is most likely going to

send the cells through the G1 checkpoint

Which of the following is a type of contraception that prevents fertilization by chemically preventing the sperm from fertilizing the egg?

spermicides

In the mitotic cell cycle, if the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome have both of their kinetochores bound to the same pair of centrioles with microtubules, then the cell will most likely

stop at metaphase

When there are mistakes in the replication of DNA during the mitotic cell cycle, the cell is most likely going to

stop at the G2 checkpoint

In a man, the sperm are released into the seminiferous tubules of the _____ in the scrotum, before traveling through the epididymus.

testicle

During metaphase I of meiosis

tetrads are aligned together in the middle of the cell

During the human life cycle

the adults and zygotes are diploid

During the human life cycle

the adults are diploid and the gametes are haploid

Which of the following describes a cell with n = 9?

the cell has 9 tetrads on the metaphase plate during metaphase I

During metaphase of mitosis

the chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

Where does a blastocyst implant for a normal pregnancy?

the endometrium of the uterus

Asexual reproduction is more advantageous than sexual reproduction when

the environment is constant, because new combinations of alleles are not as important as when the environment is changing

During metaphase I of meiosis

the kinetochores of each homologous chromosome are attached to the same centrosome

The purpose of _______________ is making more cells to repair wounds and replace dead cells, for asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes, and for growth during development.

the mitotic cell cycle

Of the events below, which would happen NEXT after the DNA was replicated?

the mitotic spindle would start to form

Of the events below, which would happen NEXT in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?

the mitotic spindle would start to form

Which of the following happens LAST during the mitotic cell cycle?

the nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes

You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You do not add chemical A to set 1, but you add chemical A to set 2. You wait a three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that is most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be

the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment

You are working with environmental contaminants, and have found chemical A in the water supply. You are concerned it is a growth factor, so you run experiments to test this hypothesis. You have two sets of identical flasks of cells, set 1 and set 2. You do not add chemical A to set 1, but you add chemical A to set 2. You wait three days and measure the number of cells again. The data that would be most convincing that chemical A is a growth factor would be

the number of cells in set 1 is smaller than the number in set 2 at the end of the experiment

Of the events below, which would happen LAST in the mitotic cell cycle after the DNA was replicated?

the plasma membrane would form a cleavage furrow and would divide the cell into two daughter cells

During anaphase of mitosis

the sister chromatids separate from each other

Which of the following prevents a sperm from the wrong species from fertilizing an egg?

the sperm receptors on the egg

Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before anaphase?

the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

Which of the following has to occur during mitosis before metaphase

the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores

Of the following choices, in humans the next location a sperm cell would be found in after being in the vas deferens would be

the urethra

Which part of the female reproductive system is where the sperm are usually deposited and is also the birth canal?

the vagina

Which of the following prevents multiple sperm from fertilizing an egg?

the vitelline reaction

The purpose of the mitotic cell cycle is

to generate a daughter cell that is identical to the cell that divides

The purpose of the meiotic cell cycle is

to generate haploid gametes for sexual reproduction

The purpose of mitosis is

to get exactly one copy of each chromosome into each daughter cell.

the purpose of meiosis is

to get exactly one copy of each type of chromosome into each daughter cell

The purpose of the meiosis (not the whole meiotic cell cycle) is

to get exactly one copy of each type of chromosome into each daughter cell.

When do cells divide by going through the meiotic cell cycle?

to make sperm

When do cells divide by going through the mitotic cell cycle?

to replace dead cells

Which of the following lists the stages of pregnancy and childbirth in the correct order?

transition from embryo to fetus, dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, delivery of the placenta

Which of the following are identical?

two sister chromatids

During telophase of mitosis, the chromosomes

uncoil from their condensed state

In humans, blastocysts normally implant in the

uterus

When in the life cycle are there meiotic cell divisions?

when the games are made in the gonads