Biology 1120 exam 3 ch. 26-31

hyphae are divided by crossed wall (______) into individual cells containing one or more nuclei

septa

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a: human cow dog cat snail

snail

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian? sea anemones sponges corals sea fans cubozoans

sponges

Coralline forms of which group of protists are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs? Red algae Euglenoids Green algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates

Red algae

Which protist group does not have flagellated cells? Water molds Brown algae Golden algae Euglenoids Red algae

Red algae

Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control? Growth Movement Reproduction Cell signaling Growth and metabolism

Reproduction

After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into? Fruit Seed Ovary Stigma Pollen grain

Seed

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms? to sense prey to exchange gas to respond to stimuli to regulate fluid balance to serve as a structure for sexual reproduction

to regulate fluid balance

Ctenophores capture food: with filter feeders using adhesive glue cells that trap prey with stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates by digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates with a sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates

using adhesive glue cells that trap prey

Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation? Megasporangium Gymnosperms Gametophyte Angiosperms Integuments

Gametophyte

The fourth phylum is a collection of which unusual plants that share certain traits not found in other gymnosperms? Megasporangium Gnetophyta Gametophyte Angiosperms Integuments

Gnetophyta

As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies? Fossil record Molecular data Predator-prey relationships Newly discovered prokaryotes in soil Better electron microscope pictures of cells

Molecular data

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is: both sexual and asexual reproduction. gametes formed by mitosis. alternation of generations. flagellated cells. cell walls.

flagellated cells.

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand. Megaphylls Microphylls Thalli Strobili Sori

Microphylls

In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth. (t/f)

false in deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the anus

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the: yeast. rotifers. sponges. bacteria. choanoflagellates.

choanoflagellates

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched? tail end—posterior mesoderm—muscles coelom—nο body cavity deuterostomes—radial cleavage triploblastic—bilateral organism

coelom—nο body cavity

Fungi that lack septa are called: coenocytic. unicellular. ascomycete. monokaryotic. sporophyllous.

coenocytic

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as: twins. couplets. dikaryotic. polykaryotic. double hyphae.

dikaryotic

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the: fruit. zygote. embryo. endosperm. cotyledons.

endosperm

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with a spore. (t/f)

false the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei to produce a triploid endosperm

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the: prothallus. protonema. fiddlehead. gemma. thallus.

prothallus

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through: the use of gills the use of tracheae the use of book lungs a closed circulatory system diffusion across the epidermal layer

the use of tracheae

The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically: haploid (1n). diploid (2n). triploid (3n). quadraploid (4n). pentaploid (5n).

triploid (3n).

A sorus is a cluster of sporangia. (t/f)

true

Annelids are segmented worms. (t/f)

true

In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular. (t/f)

true

The body of a tapeworm consists of segments, each of which is called a proglottid. (t/f)

true

The wood of conifers consists mostly of tracheids. (t/f)

true

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the: protonephridia proglottid cnidocyte auricle scolex

scolex

Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms? They are acoelomate (have no body cavity). They commonly have a complex nervous system. They do not have eyespots. They do not have statocysts (organs of balance). They have organs for food and gas exchan

They are acoelomate (have no body cavity).

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves. (t/f)

false

When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________. archaeplastids archegonia antheridi sporophyte generation gametophyte generation

sporophyte generation

Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively called _______________.

Archaeplastida

Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery? Strobili Xylem Tracheid Resins Conifers

Conifers

Which of the following genes were similar in the last common ancestor of all bilateral animals? WNT genes BRCA1 genes Hox genes PIWI genes HBA1 genes

Hox genes

Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria? Nuclei Endoplasmic reticulums Vacuoles and chloroplasts Mitochondria and chloroplasts Mitochondria and Golgi complexes

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

The stramenopiles include water molds, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. (T/F)

true

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod? wings cephalization segmentation hard exoskeletons specialized mouthparts

wings

Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle? Mitosis Meiosis Karyogamy Fertilization Plasmogamy

Plasmogamy

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes? Protostomes are diploblastic. Protostomes have radial symmetry. Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development. The first opening that develops in protostomes is the anus. Protostomes undergo indeterminate cleavage during development.

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

auricles

chemoreceptors that detect dissolved chemicals in the water

Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil? polychaetes leeches tapeworms hookworms earthworms

earthworms

In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores. (t/f)

false

Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta. (t/f)

false club mosses are seedless vascular plants and bryophytes are seedless nonvascular plants

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction. cutin chitin lignin actin cellulose

lignin (a complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants, making them rigid and woody.)

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for: digestion. excretion. locomotion. reproduction. avoiding predation.

locomotion

Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve? Mosses Hornworts Liverworts Angiosperms Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE? Animals are consumers. Animals have specialized cells. Animals cannot respond to stimuli. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. Animals have a life cycle of development.

Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

_________ are parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile. Alveolates Chromalveolates Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates

Apicomplexans

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells, and are responsible for over 40 percent of photosynthesis in the world's oceans? Diatoms Red algae Brown algae Green algae Dinoflagellate

Diatoms

Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with two or more flagella? Actinopods Amoebozoa Diplomonads Foraminifera Apicomplexans

Diplomonads

Which of the following is NOT part of the Chromalveolates group of eukaryotes? Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Apicomplexans Ciliates Diatoms

Euglenoids

Which of the following is a vascular plant? Moss Fern Liverwort Hornwort Charophyte

Fern

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean? Freshwater is turbulent. Freshwater generally contains less food. Freshwater maintains a constant oxygen content. Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids. Freshwater temperatures do not fluctuate much.

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that form a significant portion of the nanoplankton? Ciliates Red algae Golden algae Foraminifera Brown algae

Golden algae

Which class of animals has the largest number of species? Arachnida Insecta Gastropoda Bivalvia Arthropoda

Insecta

Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement? It functions as an endoskeleton. It shapes the body of soft animals. Its evolution into various shapes and divisions provided the opportunity for animals to become specialized (e.g., in swimming, crawling, or walking). It is an enclosed compartment (or series of compartments) of fluid under pressure. Its evolution provided a space where internal organs could develop and function.

It functions as an endoskeleton.

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum? Platyhelminthes Nematoda Cnidaria Annelida Nemertea

Nematoda

Which is an example of a monocot? Cactus Onions Oak tree Pine tree Tomato plant

Onions

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis? They are autotrophs. They live on land. They have green leaves. They are green like green algae. They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.

They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal disease caused by an ascomycete? Histoplasmosis Ringworm Tuberculosis Sick-building syndrome

Tuberculosis

Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals? Ovules Phyla Phloem Xylem Integuments

Xylem

The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as: antheridi. archegonia. sporangium. strobilus. stoma.

antheridi

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as: antheridi archegonia sporangium strobilus stoma

archegonia

One true characteristic of all animals is that they: are mobile. have a brain. are heterotrophs. have an organ system. only show sexual reproduction.

are heterotrophs.

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called: asci. basidia. conidia. gemmae. conidiophores.

asci

Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming: asci. basidia. conidia. hyphae. ascospores.

ascospores

Yeasts reproduce asexually by: meiosis. budding. ascospores. binary fission. forming a secondary mycelium.

budding

Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of: eggs. seeds. xylem. phloem. pollen.

seeds

Members of phylum Nemertea have a tube-with-a-tube body plan. (t/f)

true

Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are _________. excavates chromalveolates rhizarians archaeplastids unikonts

unikonts

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing: asci. basidia. zygospores. ascospores. mycorrhizae.

basidia

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as: alternation of generations. multicellular. coenocytic. mycelium. colonial.

coenocytic

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a: eudicot. monocot. gnetophyte. gymnosperm. cotyledonous plant.

monocot

The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the: antheridium. prothallium. ovule of the ovary. stigma and style of the pistil. megasporophyte of the cones.

ovule of the ovary.

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity? antennae maxillae mandibles statocysts swimmerets

statocysts

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE? Arthropods have a true coelom. Arthropods have an exoskeleton. Arthropods display segmentation. Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus? Ciliates Euglenoids Actinopods Diplomonads Amoebozoans

Ciliates

Which of the following is a difference between flatworms and nemerteans? There are no species of parasitic flatworms. Flatworm larvae burrow into the skin, whereas nemertean larvae are ingested. There are no species of predacious flatworms. Flatworms have a proboscis, whereas nemerteans do not. Flatworms do not have a digestive system, whereas nemerteans do.

Flatworm larvae burrow into the skin, whereas nemertean larvae are ingested.

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms? Tapeworms have a simple life cycle. Tapeworms have a complete digestive system. Tapeworms have a closed circulatory system. Tapeworms have a well developed sensory system. Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Which is a characteristic of all annelids? They have a visceral mass. They have a segmented body. They move with a muscular foot. They surround their body with a mantle. They have an open circulatory system.

They have a segmented body.

The nutritive tissue in a mature pine seed is triploid. (t/f)

false usually the haploid body cells of the female gametophyte

If a plant produces microspores and megaspores, then by definition, it is homosporous. (t/f)

false homosporous is producing spores of one kind only, which develop into hermaphrodite gametophytes heterosporous is producing two different kinds of spores.

Which of the following species has been used for centuries to draw blood from areas swollen by poisonous stings and bites? polychaetes leeches tapeworms hookworms earthworms

leeches

Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells? Choanoflagellate Fungus Algae Dog Lizard

Algae

Which statement about mycorrhizae is FALSE? They are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a plant root. They increase the uptake of nutrient minerals by the plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular. Endomycorrhizae are intracellular. Members of the Glomeromycota may be involved.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular.

Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE? Both groups produce seeds. Both groups are heterosporous. Both groups possess vascular tissues. In both groups, the sporophyte generation is dominant. Both groups have free-living gametophytes.

Both groups have free-living gametophytes.

_______________ are the only living nonvascular plants.

Bryophytes

_________________ are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Bryophytes

Which phylum's very few surviving species are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns? Cycadophyta Pteridophyta Gnetophyta Anthophyta Coniferophyta

Cycadophyta

Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides? Green algae Red algae Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Brown algae

Dinoflagellates

The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception? Horses Sparrows Spiders Flatworms Frogs

Flatworms

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean? The ocean water provided buoyancy. They did not require a skeleton for support. Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain. Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization. The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection.

Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.

The inner germ layer, or endoderm, forms which of the following structures? Outer covering of the body, as well as nervous tissue Lining of digestive structures Muscles Skeletal structures Circulatory system (when present)

Lining of digestive structures

Bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following? Locomotion Sight Hearing Breathing Homeostasis

Locomotion

What are the two clades of the protostomes? Eumetazoa and Metazoa Protostomia and Bilateria Bilateria and Deutersostomia Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa and Deutrerostomia

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants? Mycorrhizae increase a plant's flowering. Mycorrhizae increase the surface area of the leaves. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's rate of photosynthetic. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots. Mycorrhizae increase the number of chloroplasts within a plant.

Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.

What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess? Striated Fibrous Netted Parallel Reticulate

Netted

The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions? Cell division Intercellular communication Cellular locomotion Nutrient absorption Apoptosis

Nutrient absorption

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan? Cnidaria Porifera Annelida Ctenophora Echinodermata

Porifera

Asomycetes are NOT used for which of the following applications? Flavor cheese Bake bread Prepare vinegar Produce antibiotics Biological research

Prepare vinegar

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land? The presence of new predators Being able to adapt to move on land The need for more oxygen to do work Finding a mate in the new environment The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals? Sponge larvae are motile. Sponges have beating flagella. Sponges have an organ system. Sponges have bilateral body symmetry. Sponges have a central nervous system.

Sponge larvae are motile.

Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores? When a spore germinates, it gives rise to sporangia. When a spore germinates, it gives rise to a mycelium, which then develops into hyphae. Most fungal cells do not contain haploid nuclei. They are motile and reproduce sexually only. They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians? They are less highly organized than sponges. They have an ectoderm only (no endoderm). They have a nerve net. They have true muscle cells. They do not have a hydrostatic skeleton.

They have a nerve net.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians? They are mostly marine. They have radial symmetry. They have one body shape, known as medusa. They have cells that contain stinging organelles. There is only one opening into the gastrovascular cavity.

They have one body shape, known as medusa. (Cnidarians have both polyp and medusa stages)

What is the function of the phloem in plants? To transport sap To transport nutrients To transport dissolved sugars To transport water and food To transport water and minerals

To transport dissolved sugars

What is an example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete? Wheat rust Ergot of rye Chestnut blight Dutch elm disease Verticillium wilt on potatoes

Wheat rust

How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated? Birds Wind Water Insects Mammals

Wind

Protists have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT: by flexing individual cells. by gliding over surfaces. by waving cilia. by mycelium. by lashing flagella.

by mycelium

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n): plasmodial slime mold. cellular slime mold. choanoflagellate. foraminiferan. alveolate.

choanoflagellate

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a: coelom lined by endoderm and mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by endoderm. coelom lined by ectoderm. coelom lined by mesoderm.

coelom lined by mesoderm.

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess: amebocytes collar cells spongin spicules oscula

collar cells

Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to: yeast. molds. truffles. black bread mold. common edible mushrooms.

common edible mushrooms.

Members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of: two or more flagella. chloroplast pigments. crystalline rod in the flagella. contractile vacuoles surrounded by a pellicle. flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.

flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a: fruit seed coat megaspore microspore pollen grain

fruit

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis. archaeplastids archegonia antheridi sporophyte generation gametophyte generation

gametophyte generation

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as: complete and perfect. complete and imperfect. incomplete and perfect. incomplete and imperfect. almost complete and almost perfect.

incomplete and imperfect.

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by _________. integuments megasporangium angiosperms gymnosperms phloem

integuments

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as: deciduous. dioecious. monoecious. homosporous. heterosporous.

monoecious