Biology 1120 exam 3 ch. 26-31
hyphae are divided by crossed wall (______) into individual cells containing one or more nuclei
septa
The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a: human cow dog cat snail
snail
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian? sea anemones sponges corals sea fans cubozoans
sponges
Coralline forms of which group of protists are ecologically important in the formation of coral reefs? Red algae Euglenoids Green algae Brown algae Dinoflagellates
Red algae
Which protist group does not have flagellated cells? Water molds Brown algae Golden algae Euglenoids Red algae
Red algae
Within ciliates, what do the micronuclei control? Growth Movement Reproduction Cell signaling Growth and metabolism
Reproduction
After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into? Fruit Seed Ovary Stigma Pollen grain
Seed
What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms? to sense prey to exchange gas to respond to stimuli to regulate fluid balance to serve as a structure for sexual reproduction
to regulate fluid balance
Ctenophores capture food: with filter feeders using adhesive glue cells that trap prey with stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates by digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates with a sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates
using adhesive glue cells that trap prey
Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation? Megasporangium Gymnosperms Gametophyte Angiosperms Integuments
Gametophyte
The fourth phylum is a collection of which unusual plants that share certain traits not found in other gymnosperms? Megasporangium Gnetophyta Gametophyte Angiosperms Integuments
Gnetophyta
As a contemporary scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies? Fossil record Molecular data Predator-prey relationships Newly discovered prokaryotes in soil Better electron microscope pictures of cells
Molecular data
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is: both sexual and asexual reproduction. gametes formed by mitosis. alternation of generations. flagellated cells. cell walls.
flagellated cells.
____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand. Megaphylls Microphylls Thalli Strobili Sori
Microphylls
In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth. (t/f)
false in deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the anus
The common ancestor of all animals is/are the: yeast. rotifers. sponges. bacteria. choanoflagellates.
choanoflagellates
Which pair of words is incorrectly matched? tail end—posterior mesoderm—muscles coelom—nο body cavity deuterostomes—radial cleavage triploblastic—bilateral organism
coelom—nο body cavity
Fungi that lack septa are called: coenocytic. unicellular. ascomycete. monokaryotic. sporophyllous.
coenocytic
Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as: twins. couplets. dikaryotic. polykaryotic. double hyphae.
dikaryotic
In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the: fruit. zygote. embryo. endosperm. cotyledons.
endosperm
In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with a spore. (t/f)
false the other sperm fuses with the polar nuclei to produce a triploid endosperm
The gametophyte generation of ferns is the: prothallus. protonema. fiddlehead. gemma. thallus.
prothallus
Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through: the use of gills the use of tracheae the use of book lungs a closed circulatory system diffusion across the epidermal layer
the use of tracheae
The endosperm of an angiosperm seed is typically: haploid (1n). diploid (2n). triploid (3n). quadraploid (4n). pentaploid (5n).
triploid (3n).
A sorus is a cluster of sporangia. (t/f)
true
Annelids are segmented worms. (t/f)
true
In algae, gametangia are generally unicellular. (t/f)
true
The body of a tapeworm consists of segments, each of which is called a proglottid. (t/f)
true
The wood of conifers consists mostly of tracheids. (t/f)
true
The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the: protonephridia proglottid cnidocyte auricle scolex
scolex
Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms? They are acoelomate (have no body cavity). They commonly have a complex nervous system. They do not have eyespots. They do not have statocysts (organs of balance). They have organs for food and gas exchan
They are acoelomate (have no body cavity).
Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves. (t/f)
false
When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________. archaeplastids archegonia antheridi sporophyte generation gametophyte generation
sporophyte generation
Red algae, green algae, and land plants are collectively called _______________.
Archaeplastida
Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery? Strobili Xylem Tracheid Resins Conifers
Conifers
Which of the following genes were similar in the last common ancestor of all bilateral animals? WNT genes BRCA1 genes Hox genes PIWI genes HBA1 genes
Hox genes
Which eukaryotic organelles likely arose from symbiotic relationships between larger cells and bacteria? Nuclei Endoplasmic reticulums Vacuoles and chloroplasts Mitochondria and chloroplasts Mitochondria and Golgi complexes
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
The stramenopiles include water molds, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae. (T/F)
true
Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod? wings cephalization segmentation hard exoskeletons specialized mouthparts
wings
Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle? Mitosis Meiosis Karyogamy Fertilization Plasmogamy
Plasmogamy
How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes? Protostomes are diploblastic. Protostomes have radial symmetry. Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development. The first opening that develops in protostomes is the anus. Protostomes undergo indeterminate cleavage during development.
Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.
auricles
chemoreceptors that detect dissolved chemicals in the water
Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil? polychaetes leeches tapeworms hookworms earthworms
earthworms
In plants, sporogenous cells divide by mitosis to form spores. (t/f)
false
Club mosses belong to the phylum Bryophyta. (t/f)
false club mosses are seedless vascular plants and bryophytes are seedless nonvascular plants
A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction. cutin chitin lignin actin cellulose
lignin (a complex organic polymer deposited in the cell walls of many plants, making them rigid and woody.)
Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for: digestion. excretion. locomotion. reproduction. avoiding predation.
locomotion
Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve? Mosses Hornworts Liverworts Angiosperms Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE? Animals are consumers. Animals have specialized cells. Animals cannot respond to stimuli. Animals are multicellular eukaryotes. Animals have a life cycle of development.
Animals cannot respond to stimuli.
_________ are parasites that produce sporozoites and are nonmotile. Alveolates Chromalveolates Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates
Apicomplexans
Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells, and are responsible for over 40 percent of photosynthesis in the world's oceans? Diatoms Red algae Brown algae Green algae Dinoflagellate
Diatoms
Among the protist groups below, which has organisms that typically move with two or more flagella? Actinopods Amoebozoa Diplomonads Foraminifera Apicomplexans
Diplomonads
Which of the following is NOT part of the Chromalveolates group of eukaryotes? Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Apicomplexans Ciliates Diatoms
Euglenoids
Which of the following is a vascular plant? Moss Fern Liverwort Hornwort Charophyte
Fern
Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean? Freshwater is turbulent. Freshwater generally contains less food. Freshwater maintains a constant oxygen content. Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids. Freshwater temperatures do not fluctuate much.
Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.
Which group of protists are unicellular, biflagellate stramenopiles that form a significant portion of the nanoplankton? Ciliates Red algae Golden algae Foraminifera Brown algae
Golden algae
Which class of animals has the largest number of species? Arachnida Insecta Gastropoda Bivalvia Arthropoda
Insecta
Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement? It functions as an endoskeleton. It shapes the body of soft animals. Its evolution into various shapes and divisions provided the opportunity for animals to become specialized (e.g., in swimming, crawling, or walking). It is an enclosed compartment (or series of compartments) of fluid under pressure. Its evolution provided a space where internal organs could develop and function.
It functions as an endoskeleton.
You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum? Platyhelminthes Nematoda Cnidaria Annelida Nemertea
Nematoda
Which is an example of a monocot? Cactus Onions Oak tree Pine tree Tomato plant
Onions
Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis? They are autotrophs. They live on land. They have green leaves. They are green like green algae. They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.
They share many biochemical and metabolic traits.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an animal disease caused by an ascomycete? Histoplasmosis Ringworm Tuberculosis Sick-building syndrome
Tuberculosis
Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals? Ovules Phyla Phloem Xylem Integuments
Xylem
The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as: antheridi. archegonia. sporangium. strobilus. stoma.
antheridi
Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as: antheridi archegonia sporangium strobilus stoma
archegonia
One true characteristic of all animals is that they: are mobile. have a brain. are heterotrophs. have an organ system. only show sexual reproduction.
are heterotrophs.
The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called: asci. basidia. conidia. gemmae. conidiophores.
asci
Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming: asci. basidia. conidia. hyphae. ascospores.
ascospores
Yeasts reproduce asexually by: meiosis. budding. ascospores. binary fission. forming a secondary mycelium.
budding
Heterospory is believed to have led to the evolution of: eggs. seeds. xylem. phloem. pollen.
seeds
Members of phylum Nemertea have a tube-with-a-tube body plan. (t/f)
true
Cells that have a single flagellum or are amoebas with no flagella are _________. excavates chromalveolates rhizarians archaeplastids unikonts
unikonts
The club fungi typically reproduce by producing: asci. basidia. zygospores. ascospores. mycorrhizae.
basidia
Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as: alternation of generations. multicellular. coenocytic. mycelium. colonial.
coenocytic
A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a: eudicot. monocot. gnetophyte. gymnosperm. cotyledonous plant.
monocot
The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the: antheridium. prothallium. ovule of the ovary. stigma and style of the pistil. megasporophyte of the cones.
ovule of the ovary.
What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity? antennae maxillae mandibles statocysts swimmerets
statocysts
Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE? Arthropods have a true coelom. Arthropods have an exoskeleton. Arthropods display segmentation. Arthropods have an open circulatory system. Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.
Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.
Which protist group is characterized by having a micronucleus and a macronucleus? Ciliates Euglenoids Actinopods Diplomonads Amoebozoans
Ciliates
Which of the following is a difference between flatworms and nemerteans? There are no species of parasitic flatworms. Flatworm larvae burrow into the skin, whereas nemertean larvae are ingested. There are no species of predacious flatworms. Flatworms have a proboscis, whereas nemerteans do not. Flatworms do not have a digestive system, whereas nemerteans do.
Flatworm larvae burrow into the skin, whereas nemertean larvae are ingested.
Which is a characteristic of tapeworms? Tapeworms have a simple life cycle. Tapeworms have a complete digestive system. Tapeworms have a closed circulatory system. Tapeworms have a well developed sensory system. Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.
Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.
Which is a characteristic of all annelids? They have a visceral mass. They have a segmented body. They move with a muscular foot. They surround their body with a mantle. They have an open circulatory system.
They have a segmented body.
The nutritive tissue in a mature pine seed is triploid. (t/f)
false usually the haploid body cells of the female gametophyte
If a plant produces microspores and megaspores, then by definition, it is homosporous. (t/f)
false homosporous is producing spores of one kind only, which develop into hermaphrodite gametophytes heterosporous is producing two different kinds of spores.
Which of the following species has been used for centuries to draw blood from areas swollen by poisonous stings and bites? polychaetes leeches tapeworms hookworms earthworms
leeches
Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells? Choanoflagellate Fungus Algae Dog Lizard
Algae
Which statement about mycorrhizae is FALSE? They are symbiotic associations between a fungus and a plant root. They increase the uptake of nutrient minerals by the plant. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular. Endomycorrhizae are intracellular. Members of the Glomeromycota may be involved.
Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular.
Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE? Both groups produce seeds. Both groups are heterosporous. Both groups possess vascular tissues. In both groups, the sporophyte generation is dominant. Both groups have free-living gametophytes.
Both groups have free-living gametophytes.
_______________ are the only living nonvascular plants.
Bryophytes
_________________ are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
Bryophytes
Which phylum's very few surviving species are tropical and subtropical plants with stout, trunk-like stems, and compound leaves that resemble those of palms or tree ferns? Cycadophyta Pteridophyta Gnetophyta Anthophyta Coniferophyta
Cycadophyta
Members of which group are known to form blooms known as red tides? Green algae Red algae Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Brown algae
Dinoflagellates
The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception? Horses Sparrows Spiders Flatworms Frogs
Flatworms
Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean? The ocean water provided buoyancy. They did not require a skeleton for support. Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain. Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization. The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection.
Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.
The inner germ layer, or endoderm, forms which of the following structures? Outer covering of the body, as well as nervous tissue Lining of digestive structures Muscles Skeletal structures Circulatory system (when present)
Lining of digestive structures
Bilateral symmetry and cephalization are adaptations for which of the following? Locomotion Sight Hearing Breathing Homeostasis
Locomotion
What are the two clades of the protostomes? Eumetazoa and Metazoa Protostomia and Bilateria Bilateria and Deutersostomia Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa and Deutrerostomia
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
How do mycorrhizae benefit plants? Mycorrhizae increase a plant's flowering. Mycorrhizae increase the surface area of the leaves. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's rate of photosynthetic. Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots. Mycorrhizae increase the number of chloroplasts within a plant.
Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.
What type of leaf venation do eudicots possess? Striated Fibrous Netted Parallel Reticulate
Netted
The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions? Cell division Intercellular communication Cellular locomotion Nutrient absorption Apoptosis
Nutrient absorption
Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan? Cnidaria Porifera Annelida Ctenophora Echinodermata
Porifera
Asomycetes are NOT used for which of the following applications? Flavor cheese Bake bread Prepare vinegar Produce antibiotics Biological research
Prepare vinegar
Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land? The presence of new predators Being able to adapt to move on land The need for more oxygen to do work Finding a mate in the new environment The desiccating effect of the atmosphere
The desiccating effect of the atmosphere
If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals? Sponge larvae are motile. Sponges have beating flagella. Sponges have an organ system. Sponges have bilateral body symmetry. Sponges have a central nervous system.
Sponge larvae are motile.
Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores? When a spore germinates, it gives rise to sporangia. When a spore germinates, it gives rise to a mycelium, which then develops into hyphae. Most fungal cells do not contain haploid nuclei. They are motile and reproduce sexually only. They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.
They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians? They are less highly organized than sponges. They have an ectoderm only (no endoderm). They have a nerve net. They have true muscle cells. They do not have a hydrostatic skeleton.
They have a nerve net.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians? They are mostly marine. They have radial symmetry. They have one body shape, known as medusa. They have cells that contain stinging organelles. There is only one opening into the gastrovascular cavity.
They have one body shape, known as medusa. (Cnidarians have both polyp and medusa stages)
What is the function of the phloem in plants? To transport sap To transport nutrients To transport dissolved sugars To transport water and food To transport water and minerals
To transport dissolved sugars
What is an example of a plant disease caused by a basiodiomycete? Wheat rust Ergot of rye Chestnut blight Dutch elm disease Verticillium wilt on potatoes
Wheat rust
How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated? Birds Wind Water Insects Mammals
Wind
Protists have various means of locomotion; they move by all of the following means EXCEPT: by flexing individual cells. by gliding over surfaces. by waving cilia. by mycelium. by lashing flagella.
by mycelium
You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n): plasmodial slime mold. cellular slime mold. choanoflagellate. foraminiferan. alveolate.
choanoflagellate
Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a: coelom lined by endoderm and mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by mesoderm. pseudocoelom lined by endoderm. coelom lined by ectoderm. coelom lined by mesoderm.
coelom lined by mesoderm.
Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess: amebocytes collar cells spongin spicules oscula
collar cells
Puffballs and bracket fungi are most closely related to: yeast. molds. truffles. black bread mold. common edible mushrooms.
common edible mushrooms.
Members of the alveolates are characterized by the presence of: two or more flagella. chloroplast pigments. crystalline rod in the flagella. contractile vacuoles surrounded by a pellicle. flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.
flattened vesicles under the plasma membrane.
As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a: fruit seed coat megaspore microspore pollen grain
fruit
The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis. archaeplastids archegonia antheridi sporophyte generation gametophyte generation
gametophyte generation
A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as: complete and perfect. complete and imperfect. incomplete and perfect. incomplete and imperfect. almost complete and almost perfect.
incomplete and imperfect.
Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by _________. integuments megasporangium angiosperms gymnosperms phloem
integuments
Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as: deciduous. dioecious. monoecious. homosporous. heterosporous.
monoecious