Ap Psych Chapter 2

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,makes sense out of it, makes decision, sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

brain

The psychodynamic theory of dreaming would postulate that

dreams fulfill unconscious wishes

What type of signal is sued to rely message from one end of a neuron to the other end?

electrical

Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are most strongly influenced by the

hypothalamus

The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmissions of a neuron is called the

myelin sheath

The function of the blank is to carry information to and from all parts of the body

nervous system

A chemical found ion the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

The right hemisphere is most associated with

nonverbal and perception-based tasks

Right hemisphere

nonverbal, music and artistic processing, emotional thought and recognition

Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?

parietal lobes

After a brain operation, a laboratory rat no longer displays fear when placed into a cage with a snake. Which part of the rat's brain was most likely damaged during the operation?

amygdala

What event causes the release of chemicals into the synaptic gap?

an action potential reaching the axon terminal

Norepinephrine

anxiety, panic attacks, depression

A drug that is used to treat seizures functions by preventing inhibitory neurotransmitters from returning to the presynaptic neuron. This slows the rate of neurons firing by increasing the amount of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the synapse. The drug is most likely to be classified as a

GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)

Endorphins

Inhibit Pain, please, lower pain thresholds

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?

It relays most sensory signals to the cortex.

Which brain structure would result in death if damaged?

Medulla

Serotonin

Mood, sleep, alertness, depression

Which of the following is a common misconception about the brain?

Older brains can't make new cells

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Part of the hindbrain; controls balance and maintains muscle coordination

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

Pathway connection the brain and the peripheral nervous system.

What are the functions of the frontal lobes?

Planning personality, memory storage, complex decision making, and language

The idea that there is a part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness but still drives a person's thinking and behavior is most directly attributable to

Sigmund Freud

"Fight or Flight"

Sympathetic Division

Wernicke's aphasia

To be able to speak fluently and pronounce words correctly, but the words would be the wrong ones entirely.

Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal?

The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives.

If a body does not have enough potassium, how might that affect neuronal firing?

The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron.

At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following?

They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels.

What effect do agonists have?

They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire.

Damage to what are of the brain would result in an inability to comprehend language?

Wernicke's area

Sara has been experiences a serious memory problem. Am interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

acetylcholine

Which endocrine gland regulates your body's response to stress?

adrenal gland

An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep

after cycling through the NREM sleep stages

Which of the following responses would occur if your sympathetic nervous system has been activated?

increased heart rate

If Darren's brain is like that of most people, then language will be handled by his

left hemisphere

The parietal lobe is most involved in

processing sensory information

Broca's aphasia

refers to an inability to use or understand either written or spoken language

Which of the following is responsible for the ability to selectively attend to certain kinds of information in one's surroundings and become alert to changes in information?

reticular formation

GABA

sleep, relaxation, seizures, insomnia

Glutamate

memory, learning, migraines and seizures

Acetylcholine

memory, muscle movement,

Dopamine

movement, pleasure/reward, Parkinson's Disease

Which hormone is released when a person is under stress?

Cortisol

Madeline has previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She has an identical twin sister, Josephine, and a nonidentical sister, Abigail. Neither of Madeline's sisters have previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following statements is true of Madeline's sisters?

Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event.

A neon releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap that reduces frequency of action potentials in the neighboring cell. The neuron most likely released is

an inhibitory neurotransmitter

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the blank nervous system

autonomic

When a professional baseball player swings a bat and hits a homer, he or she is relying on his or her blank to coordinate the practiced movements of his or her body.

cerebellum

The aspect of attention individuals with ADHD do have problems with is

deep structure processing

Ruth and Debbie are identical twins who were raised by the same family. Vince and Frankie are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised by different families. According to research on the heritability of personality traits, Ruth's and Debbie's personalities are statistically

likely to be as similar and dissimilar to one another as are Vince's and Frankie's personalities

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called

neuron

The brain's ability to modify its structure or function is knowns as

neuroplasticity

Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the blank nervous system

somatic

Left hemisphere

spoken language, mathematical calculations, logical though process

The central nervous system is made up of which 2 components?

the brain and spinal cord