Ap Psych Chapter 2
Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses,makes sense out of it, makes decision, sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?
brain
The psychodynamic theory of dreaming would postulate that
dreams fulfill unconscious wishes
What type of signal is sued to rely message from one end of a neuron to the other end?
electrical
Eating, drinking, sexual behavior, sleeping, and temperature control are most strongly influenced by the
hypothalamus
The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmissions of a neuron is called the
myelin sheath
The function of the blank is to carry information to and from all parts of the body
nervous system
A chemical found ion the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a neurotransmitter
neurotransmitter
The right hemisphere is most associated with
nonverbal and perception-based tasks
Right hemisphere
nonverbal, music and artistic processing, emotional thought and recognition
Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?
parietal lobes
After a brain operation, a laboratory rat no longer displays fear when placed into a cage with a snake. Which part of the rat's brain was most likely damaged during the operation?
amygdala
What event causes the release of chemicals into the synaptic gap?
an action potential reaching the axon terminal
Norepinephrine
anxiety, panic attacks, depression
A drug that is used to treat seizures functions by preventing inhibitory neurotransmitters from returning to the presynaptic neuron. This slows the rate of neurons firing by increasing the amount of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the synapse. The drug is most likely to be classified as a
GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)
Endorphins
Inhibit Pain, please, lower pain thresholds
Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?
It relays most sensory signals to the cortex.
Which brain structure would result in death if damaged?
Medulla
Serotonin
Mood, sleep, alertness, depression
Which of the following is a common misconception about the brain?
Older brains can't make new cells
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Part of the hindbrain; controls balance and maintains muscle coordination
What are the functions of the spinal cord?
Pathway connection the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
What are the functions of the frontal lobes?
Planning personality, memory storage, complex decision making, and language
The idea that there is a part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness but still drives a person's thinking and behavior is most directly attributable to
Sigmund Freud
"Fight or Flight"
Sympathetic Division
Wernicke's aphasia
To be able to speak fluently and pronounce words correctly, but the words would be the wrong ones entirely.
Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal?
The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives.
If a body does not have enough potassium, how might that affect neuronal firing?
The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron.
At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following?
They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels.
What effect do agonists have?
They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire.
Damage to what are of the brain would result in an inability to comprehend language?
Wernicke's area
Sara has been experiences a serious memory problem. Am interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?
acetylcholine
Which endocrine gland regulates your body's response to stress?
adrenal gland
An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep
after cycling through the NREM sleep stages
Which of the following responses would occur if your sympathetic nervous system has been activated?
increased heart rate
If Darren's brain is like that of most people, then language will be handled by his
left hemisphere
The parietal lobe is most involved in
processing sensory information
Broca's aphasia
refers to an inability to use or understand either written or spoken language
Which of the following is responsible for the ability to selectively attend to certain kinds of information in one's surroundings and become alert to changes in information?
reticular formation
GABA
sleep, relaxation, seizures, insomnia
Glutamate
memory, learning, migraines and seizures
Acetylcholine
memory, muscle movement,
Dopamine
movement, pleasure/reward, Parkinson's Disease
Which hormone is released when a person is under stress?
Cortisol
Madeline has previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She has an identical twin sister, Josephine, and a nonidentical sister, Abigail. Neither of Madeline's sisters have previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following statements is true of Madeline's sisters?
Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event.
A neon releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap that reduces frequency of action potentials in the neighboring cell. The neuron most likely released is
an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Involuntary muscles are controlled by the blank nervous system
autonomic
When a professional baseball player swings a bat and hits a homer, he or she is relying on his or her blank to coordinate the practiced movements of his or her body.
cerebellum
The aspect of attention individuals with ADHD do have problems with is
deep structure processing
Ruth and Debbie are identical twins who were raised by the same family. Vince and Frankie are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised by different families. According to research on the heritability of personality traits, Ruth's and Debbie's personalities are statistically
likely to be as similar and dissimilar to one another as are Vince's and Frankie's personalities
A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called
neuron
The brain's ability to modify its structure or function is knowns as
neuroplasticity
Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the blank nervous system
somatic
Left hemisphere
spoken language, mathematical calculations, logical though process
The central nervous system is made up of which 2 components?
the brain and spinal cord
