Biology 1406 chapter 9

cytokinesis

7. In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by________, when the rest of the cell divides.

centrosomes

8. The ___________ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

centrosomes

8. The ______are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

better screening

Since 1991, deaths from breast and colorectal cancer in the United States are down 35%. What is the main reason for this?

Spindle microtubules disassemble.

Sort each process into the appropriate bin to indicate the stage of mitosis in which it occurs. (Telophase)

Cohesins break down. Kinetochores move toward poles of cell.

Sort each process into the appropriate bin to indicate the stage of mitosis in which it occurs. (anaphase)

Kinetochores are motionless in relation to poles of cell.

Sort each process into the appropriate bin to indicate the stage of mitosis in which it occurs. (metaphase)

Microtubules attach to kinetochores

Sort each process into the appropriate bin to indicate the stage of mitosis in which it occurs. (pro metaphase)

Tubulins assemble into spindle microtubules. Chohesins join sister chromatids of duplicated chromosome.

Sort each process into the appropriate bin to indicate the stage of mitosis in which it occurs. (prophase)

prometaphase

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.

are actually in the g0 phase

The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells Cell Type G1 S g2 M Beta 18 24 12 16 Delta 100 0 0 0 Gamma 18 48 14 20

A. Non dividing cells exit cell cycle B. At this point, cell commits to go through the cycle. C. DNA replicates D. Centrosome replicates E. Mitotic spindle begins to form. F. Cell divides, forming two daughter cells.

The cell cycle represents the coordinated sequence of events in the life of a cell from its formation to its division into two daughter cells. Most of the key events of the cell cycle are restricted to a specific time within the cycle. In this exercise, you will identify when various events occur during the cell cycle. Recall that interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 subphases, and that the M phase consists of mitosis and cytokinesis.

chromatin

. During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called -------

1. Sister chromatins

1. DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called__________, which separate during mitosis

centromeres

2. After chromosomes condense, ________is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.

Kinetochores

3. During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______.

mitotic spindle

5. The ___________ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.

1. N Y Y Y N 2. N N N Y Y 3. N Y Y Y Y

As the chromosomes of a parent cell are duplicated and distributed to the two daughter cells during cell division, the structure of the chromosomes changes.

Both

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Chromosomes replicate before cell division.

Both

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Replicated chromosomes separate by attaching to some other structural feature of the cell.

Eukaryotes only.

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Before separation, duplicated chromosomes condense.

Bacteria only

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Chromosome separation begins at the origin of replication on DNA.

Eukaryotes only

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Nuclear envelope fragments, permitting chromosome separation.

Eukaryotes only.

Bacteria only, eukaryotes only, or both. Two copies of the duplicated chromosome are attached at their centromeres before separating.

cancer; cardiovascular disease; cancer

Based on the information in the video, which of the following correctly answers these three question States today? What is predicted to be the leading cause of death in the United States 10 years from now?

all of the above

Cells taken from Henrietta Lacks have been used for experiments leading to _____. A.tests of the effects of atomic radiation on life B . new treatments for cancer C. the development of a polio vaccine D. all of the above

anaphase

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.

prophase

Chromosomes become visible during _____.

telophase

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.

She was never told that her cells were being taken, and neither she nor her family has been compensated.

Did doctors ask Henrietta Lacks' permission to take her cells, and was she paid for them?

the mitotic phase

During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.

interphase

During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.

lengthen and shorten

During anaphase, the nonkinetochore microtubules ______ and move past each other, and the kinetochore microtubules ______.

two chromosomes and four chromatids

During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.

lengthen

During prophase, the microtubules of the mitotic spindle ______.

disassemble

During telophase, the non kinetochore microtubules ______.

Bacteria true. Animals true. Plants False.

For each space in the table, drag the appropriate label to indicate if the statement is true or false for each group of organisms. Cells divide by constriction of a ring of protein.

Bacteria true. Animals false. Plants true.

For each space in the table, drag the appropriate label to indicate if the statement is true or false for each group of organisms. Tubulin or tubulin-like molecules function in binary fission (in bacteria) or cytokinesis (in animals and plants).

Bacteria false. Animals false. Plants true.

For each space in the table, drag the appropriate label to indicate if the statement is true or false for each group of organisms. The presence of a cell wall prevents the cell from dividing by construction.

I or V

G1 is represented by which numbered part(s) of the cycle?

Cells were taken while she was being treated for cancer many years ago, and these cells have been cultured in the lab ever since.

How did doctors harvest and culture cells from Henrietta Lacks?

segregation of daughter chromosomes toward the poles

If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in the figure continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

interphase

In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during _____

II

In the figure, DNA synthesis is represented by which numbered parts of the cycle?

I or V

In the figure, G1 is represented by which numbered parts of the cycle?

III ONLY

In the figure, G2 is represented by which numbered parts of the cycle?

II

In the figure, which number represents the point in the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are replicated?

III ONLY

In the figure, which of the numbered regions would contain cells at metaphase?

interphase

Nucleoli are present during _____.

B

What is the correct chromosomal condition for a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?

E

What is the correct chromosomal condition for a nucleus in G1 of the cell division cycle?

prometaphase

What phase is this?

They continue to divide and multiply after decades of culture.

What property of Henrietta Lacks' cells was most unusual when they were grown in the laboratory?

SUFFERING FROM CERVICAL CANCER

When cells were first taken from Henrietta Lacks, she was _____.

1971

When did the United States declare a "war on cancer" by passing the National Cancer Act?

E.

Which image displays the chromosomal composition of one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis?

Fruit flies make excellent models because we can create a strain of flies with a specific type of tumor, then raise thousands of flies in order to test the effects of medications

Which of the following best describes the advantages of the personalized care technique described in the video?

580 thousand

Which of the following is closest to the current average annual death rate from cancer in the United States?

Gamma contains more DNA than beta.

Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the difference in time spent in S phase by beta and gamma? Cell Type G1 S g2 M Beta 18 24 12 16 Delta 100 0 0 0 Gamma 18 48 14 20

primates

Which of the following organisms would be most similar to humans in a study that involved the response of cancer cells to various medications?

B. A.

Which of the following statements are true of cytokinesis in plant cells? A. The cell plate consists of the plasma membrane and cell wall that will eventually separate the two daughter cells. B. Vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules, coalesce at the plane of cell division, and form a cell plate. C.The plasma membrane of the parent cell grows inward, eventually joining with the cell plate. D.After chromosome separation is complete, a network of microfilaments forms near the plane of cell division that will separate the two new cells.

D. all of the above

Which of these is NOT a carcinogen?UV light A. fat B. testosterone C. cigarette smoke D. all of the above are carcinogens

E mitosis.

Which of these phases encompasses all of the stages of mitosis but no other events?

the genetic mutations that cause cancer vary from patient to patient

Why is the "personalized care" plan described in the video, in which treatments are tailored for each individual, much more promising than previous treatment plans

no

Will the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell?

FAT

____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer A. UV light b. estrogen c. a virus D. testosterone E. fat

meta

what phase is this

anaphase

what phase is this?

cytokinesis

what phase is this?

prophase

what phase is this?

telophase

what phase is this?

yes

will the sister chromatids separate from each other?

yes

will this cell elongate during mitosis?