Biology 2 Annelids ch. 35,Study chart
False (Polychaeta)
*Hiurdinea* are the only annelids with a trochophore larva.
True
*Setae*functions in movement and gas exchange in some segmented worms.
True
*polychaetes* have fleshy projections called parapodia that aid in movement.
Class Oligochaeta
-Live in soil or in freshwater -Have no parapodia -Oligochaeta means "few bristles" -Few setae on each segment -Earthworm
Metomers
-Segments ~Annelids are segmented on the inside and outside
Circular and longitudinal
....muscles line the interior body wall of an earthworm.
Aortic arches
5 pairs of muscular tubes that link the dorsal and ventral blood vessels near the anterior end of the worm.
10x
A leech can ingest ___ it's body weight in blood.
Aortic arches
Acts as earthworm's "heart" to pump blood
Cerebral ganglia
Acts as the earthworm's "brain"
Setae
Aid in movement
Identical
An earthworms body is divided into more than 100 segments, which are mostly vertically _____________.
Coelomates
Annelids are... (coelomates, a coelomates)
Hydrostatic
Annelids have a ___ skeleton.
True
Annelids have a _______ coelom.
False (coelom)
Annelids have an *acoelom. *
Setae
Bristles in the ventral surface that provide traction
Leech
Can be parasite, scavenger, or predator.
Cocoons
Chitin is a tough carbohydrate found in earthworm _______________________.
Esophagus
Connects the mouth & pharynx
1 way
Digestive Tract of Annelids
Cross fertilize
Earthworms __________, which is the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) from different individuals of the same species.
Hermaphroditic
Earthworms are _______, which means they produce male and female gametes. Individual worm cannot fertilize it's own egg. Mating occurs whenever two earthworms press their ventral surfaces together with their anterior ends pointing in opposite directions.
True
Earthworms belong in the CLASS of Annelids called *Oligochaeta.*
Cephalization
Earthworms exhibit ____, which means they have sensory organs on their head.
False (external)
Earthworms have *internal* fertilization.
Parapodia Setae
Earthworms have NO ___ but have few ______.
Ganglia
Earthworms have ___ that serve as a brain. It is connected to nerve chords that run the length of the body.
Vibrations Light Touch Temperature Movement
Earthworms have a brain, which benefits them by detecting:
muscular pharynx
Earthworms ingest soil as they burrow through it. It is sucked into the mouth by ....
Nephridia
Excretory organs
Nephridia
Excretory tubes
Blood vessels Setae Mucus Gut Nephridia
FIVE THINGS ALL NERVOUS CORDS WILL HAVE:
Nephridia
Filter wastes from body fluids
Aortic arches
Five pair of little tubes that serve as a heart. Connect to blood vessels that run the length of the body. These are called ________ ________.
Parapodia
Fleshy, fingerlike, appendages
Class Hirudinea
Freshwater, some are marine Leeches No setae, no parapodia
Gizzard
Grinds food
Pharynx
Have a small muscular area behind mouth, _________, which pushes the food into the esophagus.
Leeches
Have suckers on each end; no appendages; secretes anaesthetic to prevent the host from feeling their presence.
A B C D
Having a segmented body _______________________________________ A. allows body parts to move independently of each other B. allows organisms to digest and move at the same time C. provides duplicate "back up" parts in case of injury D. allows organs to begin to specialize
Metamerism
Having repeating segments.
Prostomium
Helps dig through the soil. Upper lip of the earthworm; rakes soil into the mouth.
that have both male and female reproductive organs
Hermaphrodites are organisms A. With a pseudocoelom B. in which the blastopore becomes the mouth C. that need 2 host animals to complete their lifecycle D. that have both male and female reproductive organs
Cocoon
Holds fertilized eggs until young worms hatch
Whether they have setae or parapodia
How is the division of classes based upon for Annelids?
Function
If one of the segments becomes disabled, the others can still ____________.
typhosole
In the intestines, there are lots of little folds which increases the surface area so more absorption. These folds are called the _____________.
typhosole
Intestinal ridges increase the surface area for absorption
Typhlosole
Intestinal wall that increases the surface area available for digestion and absorption. In folding of the intestine.
setae and parapodia
Leeches don't have _____ or _______.
Nephridia
Liquid excretory tubules in which earthworms eliminate cellular wastes and excess water through. Each segment, except the first 3 and the last pair contain a pair of Nephridia.
Setae
Little bristles
False
Most segmented worms are in the class *Oligochaeta.*
Pharynx
Muscular structure to suck in food
Ganglia Ventral nerve cord
Nervous system consists of a chain of ... connected by a ventral nerve cord.
Cuticle
Noncellular covering that prevents dehydration & protects
True
Oligochaetas respire through their *moist* skin.
Clitellum
On the outside of the earthworm, there is a band with NO segments in it. This is the __________. It is used in reproduction. Inside of this is where the reproductive organs are. It also Secretes a mucus ring to the outside. In this ring is the egg and sperm. The eggs will be fertilized then the ring will move off to the soil, where the eggs hatch.
Anus
Opening where wastes leave
Ovaries
Produce eggs
Aortic arches
Pumps blood. Pairs of tubes that serve as a heart for the earthworm.
Skin
Respiration through the ____, Which is covered by mucus. Oxygen is able to be dissolved and then used.
Clitellum
Ring around the body that makes mucous for reproduction
Intestine
Runs from front part of body all the way to end. Place for things to be absorbed, such as nutrients.
Class Polychaeta
Sand worm, clam worm, Marine
Parapodia Setae Antenna Trochophore
Sand worms and clam worms get oxygen through their ___. ________ attached to parapodia. ___________ and specialized mouthparts to do different functions such as catching food, or stuffing the food into the mouth. _________ stage
Contract Expand
Segmented coelom enables different parts of the body to ________ or _________ independently.
False
Seminal receptacles store *urea.*
Setae
Some annelids have ____, which are external bristles that aid in movement for earthworms.
Parapodia
Some annelids have ___________, which are fleshy protrusions.
Clitellum
Swollen band around earthworms. Secretes mucus for reproduction.
Crop
Temporarily stores food
Crop
Temporary storage area
Esophagus
The _________ is a muscular tube. Must be moist. Sends food to crop.
2
The digestive tract in an earthworm has ______openings.
15,000
The phylum Annelida consists of about __________ species of worms.
Chitin
Tough carbohydrate
Gizzard
Very hard and muscular. Grinds food
Septa
Wall
Castings
Waste are excreted out the anus in the form of _________.
little rings
What does annelida mean?
Segmentation
What is the most distinct feature of annelids?
circular - squeeze the head in forward longitudinal- pull the tail forward
What kind of muscles do earthworms have? Explain them.
Soil or freshwater habitats
Where do Earthworms live?
B C
Which of the following is/are TRUE about Earthworm RESPIRATION? A. Earthworms use nephridia for gas exchange. B. Earthworms need to stay moist to allow gases to diffuse through their skin. C. Earthworms have no specialized respiratory organs. D. Earthworms have lungs like we do for gas exchange.
C D
Which of the following is/are TRUE about earthworm REPRODUCTION? A. There are both male and female earthworms. B. Only male earthworms have a clitellum. C. Earthworms are hermaphrodites, but don't fertilize their own eggs. D. Earthworms have internal fertilization and indirect development.
A B D
Which of the following is/are TRUE about earthworms? A. Earthworms return nutrients to the soil by decomposing dead organic matter. B. Burrows made by earthworms bring oxygen to plant roots and soil microorganisms C. Earthworms use their clitellum to dig tunnels. D. Earthworms loosen the soil making it easier for roots to grown
Symmetrical
Worms are —————-
Closed
earthworms have a ____ circulatory system
crop
food storage
Class Hirudinea
leeches
seminal receptical
receives sperm from another worm
Clitellum
secretes film of mucus. Thickened section of the body.
Esophagus
soil passes through this tube. Tube that sends food to the crop.
Seminal receptacle
sperm are stored here.
Prostomium
the first segment of the worm-upper lip Rakes food into mouth
Gizzard
thick, muscular part of the gut. Grinds the soil, releasing and breaking up matter.
Few bristles
what does Oligochaeta mean?
2/3
—— of all annelids are members of Class Polychaeta.