Biology 2 Annelids ch. 35,Study chart

False (Polychaeta)

*Hiurdinea* are the only annelids with a trochophore larva.

True

*Setae*functions in movement and gas exchange in some segmented worms.

True

*polychaetes* have fleshy projections called parapodia that aid in movement.

Class Oligochaeta

-Live in soil or in freshwater -Have no parapodia -Oligochaeta means "few bristles" -Few setae on each segment -Earthworm

Metomers

-Segments ~Annelids are segmented on the inside and outside

Circular and longitudinal

....muscles line the interior body wall of an earthworm.

Aortic arches

5 pairs of muscular tubes that link the dorsal and ventral blood vessels near the anterior end of the worm.

10x

A leech can ingest ___ it's body weight in blood.

Aortic arches

Acts as earthworm's "heart" to pump blood

Cerebral ganglia

Acts as the earthworm's "brain"

Setae

Aid in movement

Identical

An earthworms body is divided into more than 100 segments, which are mostly vertically _____________.

Coelomates

Annelids are... (coelomates, a coelomates)

Hydrostatic

Annelids have a ___ skeleton.

True

Annelids have a _______ coelom.

False (coelom)

Annelids have an *acoelom. *

Setae

Bristles in the ventral surface that provide traction

Leech

Can be parasite, scavenger, or predator.

Cocoons

Chitin is a tough carbohydrate found in earthworm _______________________.

Esophagus

Connects the mouth & pharynx

1 way

Digestive Tract of Annelids

Cross fertilize

Earthworms __________, which is the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) from different individuals of the same species.

Hermaphroditic

Earthworms are _______, which means they produce male and female gametes. Individual worm cannot fertilize it's own egg. Mating occurs whenever two earthworms press their ventral surfaces together with their anterior ends pointing in opposite directions.

True

Earthworms belong in the CLASS of Annelids called *Oligochaeta.*

Cephalization

Earthworms exhibit ____, which means they have sensory organs on their head.

False (external)

Earthworms have *internal* fertilization.

Parapodia Setae

Earthworms have NO ___ but have few ______.

Ganglia

Earthworms have ___ that serve as a brain. It is connected to nerve chords that run the length of the body.

Vibrations Light Touch Temperature Movement

Earthworms have a brain, which benefits them by detecting:

muscular pharynx

Earthworms ingest soil as they burrow through it. It is sucked into the mouth by ....

Nephridia

Excretory organs

Nephridia

Excretory tubes

Blood vessels Setae Mucus Gut Nephridia

FIVE THINGS ALL NERVOUS CORDS WILL HAVE:

Nephridia

Filter wastes from body fluids

Aortic arches

Five pair of little tubes that serve as a heart. Connect to blood vessels that run the length of the body. These are called ________ ________.

Parapodia

Fleshy, fingerlike, appendages

Class Hirudinea

Freshwater, some are marine Leeches No setae, no parapodia

Gizzard

Grinds food

Pharynx

Have a small muscular area behind mouth, _________, which pushes the food into the esophagus.

Leeches

Have suckers on each end; no appendages; secretes anaesthetic to prevent the host from feeling their presence.

A B C D

Having a segmented body _______________________________________ A. allows body parts to move independently of each other B. allows organisms to digest and move at the same time C. provides duplicate "back up" parts in case of injury D. allows organs to begin to specialize

Metamerism

Having repeating segments.

Prostomium

Helps dig through the soil. Upper lip of the earthworm; rakes soil into the mouth.

that have both male and female reproductive organs

Hermaphrodites are organisms A. With a pseudocoelom B. in which the blastopore becomes the mouth C. that need 2 host animals to complete their lifecycle D. that have both male and female reproductive organs

Cocoon

Holds fertilized eggs until young worms hatch

Whether they have setae or parapodia

How is the division of classes based upon for Annelids?

Function

If one of the segments becomes disabled, the others can still ____________.

typhosole

In the intestines, there are lots of little folds which increases the surface area so more absorption. These folds are called the _____________.

typhosole

Intestinal ridges increase the surface area for absorption

Typhlosole

Intestinal wall that increases the surface area available for digestion and absorption. In folding of the intestine.

setae and parapodia

Leeches don't have _____ or _______.

Nephridia

Liquid excretory tubules in which earthworms eliminate cellular wastes and excess water through. Each segment, except the first 3 and the last pair contain a pair of Nephridia.

Setae

Little bristles

False

Most segmented worms are in the class *Oligochaeta.*

Pharynx

Muscular structure to suck in food

Ganglia Ventral nerve cord

Nervous system consists of a chain of ... connected by a ventral nerve cord.

Cuticle

Noncellular covering that prevents dehydration & protects

True

Oligochaetas respire through their *moist* skin.

Clitellum

On the outside of the earthworm, there is a band with NO segments in it. This is the __________. It is used in reproduction. Inside of this is where the reproductive organs are. It also Secretes a mucus ring to the outside. In this ring is the egg and sperm. The eggs will be fertilized then the ring will move off to the soil, where the eggs hatch.

Anus

Opening where wastes leave

Ovaries

Produce eggs

Aortic arches

Pumps blood. Pairs of tubes that serve as a heart for the earthworm.

Skin

Respiration through the ____, Which is covered by mucus. Oxygen is able to be dissolved and then used.

Clitellum

Ring around the body that makes mucous for reproduction

Intestine

Runs from front part of body all the way to end. Place for things to be absorbed, such as nutrients.

Class Polychaeta

Sand worm, clam worm, Marine

Parapodia Setae Antenna Trochophore

Sand worms and clam worms get oxygen through their ___. ________ attached to parapodia. ___________ and specialized mouthparts to do different functions such as catching food, or stuffing the food into the mouth. _________ stage

Contract Expand

Segmented coelom enables different parts of the body to ________ or _________ independently.

False

Seminal receptacles store *urea.*

Setae

Some annelids have ____, which are external bristles that aid in movement for earthworms.

Parapodia

Some annelids have ___________, which are fleshy protrusions.

Clitellum

Swollen band around earthworms. Secretes mucus for reproduction.

Crop

Temporarily stores food

Crop

Temporary storage area

Esophagus

The _________ is a muscular tube. Must be moist. Sends food to crop.

2

The digestive tract in an earthworm has ______openings.

15,000

The phylum Annelida consists of about __________ species of worms.

Chitin

Tough carbohydrate

Gizzard

Very hard and muscular. Grinds food

Septa

Wall

Castings

Waste are excreted out the anus in the form of _________.

little rings

What does annelida mean?

Segmentation

What is the most distinct feature of annelids?

circular - squeeze the head in forward longitudinal- pull the tail forward

What kind of muscles do earthworms have? Explain them.

Soil or freshwater habitats

Where do Earthworms live?

B C

Which of the following is/are TRUE about Earthworm RESPIRATION? A. Earthworms use nephridia for gas exchange. B. Earthworms need to stay moist to allow gases to diffuse through their skin. C. Earthworms have no specialized respiratory organs. D. Earthworms have lungs like we do for gas exchange.

C D

Which of the following is/are TRUE about earthworm REPRODUCTION? A. There are both male and female earthworms. B. Only male earthworms have a clitellum. C. Earthworms are hermaphrodites, but don't fertilize their own eggs. D. Earthworms have internal fertilization and indirect development.

A B D

Which of the following is/are TRUE about earthworms? A. Earthworms return nutrients to the soil by decomposing dead organic matter. B. Burrows made by earthworms bring oxygen to plant roots and soil microorganisms C. Earthworms use their clitellum to dig tunnels. D. Earthworms loosen the soil making it easier for roots to grown

Symmetrical

Worms are —————-

Closed

earthworms have a ____ circulatory system

crop

food storage

Class Hirudinea

leeches

seminal receptical

receives sperm from another worm

Clitellum

secretes film of mucus. Thickened section of the body.

Esophagus

soil passes through this tube. Tube that sends food to the crop.

Seminal receptacle

sperm are stored here.

Prostomium

the first segment of the worm-upper lip Rakes food into mouth

Gizzard

thick, muscular part of the gut. Grinds the soil, releasing and breaking up matter.

Few bristles

what does Oligochaeta mean?

2/3

—— of all annelids are members of Class Polychaeta.