Biology 2 Test 1 Chapter 1
Science
Approach to understanding the natural world that is based on inquiry
Taxonomy
Branch of biology that names and classifies species
Who came up with the idea of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Three domains of life
Domain bacteria, domain archaea, and domain eukarya
What is chemically nonsensical about this structure? H-C=C-H
Each carbon atom has only three covalent bonds instead of the required four.
An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing ______. An atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing ______.
Electrons / Neutrons
Genome
Entire set of genetic information that an organism inherits
Which domain of life do humans belong?
Eukarya
At all levels of biology, structure and ___ are related
Function
If you come up with a tentative explanation for their dietary behavior and then test your idea, what kind of science are you performing?
Hypothesis-driven science
5 unifying themes
1. Evolution by Natural Selection 2. structure/ function 3. Information flow =DNA 4. Energy transformation 5. Interconnected within symptoms
Evolution
Descent with modification
Within ecosystems, ____ are recycled, but energy flows through.
Nutrients
Natural selection
The environment selects only certain heritable traits from those already existing
Natural selection
Unequal reproductive success
If you change the number of ___________, the atom becomes a different element.
Protons
Data
Recorded observations
Biology
Scientific study of life
______ is the core idea that unifies all areas of biology
evolution
Which properties of life apply to a car? Which do not?
A car demonstrates order, regulation, energy utilization, and response to the environment. A car does not grow, reproduce, or evolve
Explain how the correlation of structure to function applies to a tennis racket
A tennis racket must have a large flat surface for striking the ball and a handle for grasping and controlling the racket
Hypothesis
A testable idea
For each of the following organisms, match its description to its most likely domain and/or kingdom: a. A foot- tall organism capable of producing it's own food from sunlight b. A microscopic, simple, nucleus- free organism found living in a riverbed c. an inch-tall organism growing on the forest floor that consumes material from dead leaves d. a thimble-sized organism that feeds on algae growing in a pond 1. Bacteria 2. Eukarya/Animalia 3. Eukarya/Fungi 4. Eukarya/Plantae
A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2
Biosphere
All life-supporting environments on Earth
Changing structure often results in an
Altered function
Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms? a. capable of self - reproduction b. composed of multiple cells c. complex yet organized d. uses energy
B. Composed of multiple cells (some living organisms are single celled.)
If you observe the squirrels on your campus and collect date on their dietary habits, what kind of science are you performing?
Discovery science
What is the modern term for what Darwin called "descent with modification?"
Evolution
Major themes in biology
Evolution, Structure/Function, information flow, energy transformations, and interconnections within systems
Species
Generally defined as a group of organisms that live in the same place and time and have the potential to interbreed
Which is bigger: gene or genome?
Genome (because it consists of all your genes)
Different parts of domain eukarya
Kingdom plantae, kingdom fungi, kingdom animalia, protists
Theory
Much broader in scope than a hypothesis
What mechanism did Darwin propose for evolution? What three word phase summaries this mechanism?
Natural selection, unequal reproductive success
A nitrogen atom has 7 protons, and the most common isotope of nitrogen has 7 neutrons. A radioactive isotope of nitrogen has 9 neutrons. What are the atomic numbers and mass numbers of the stable and radioactive forms of nitrogen?
Nitrogen - 14 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14. The radioactive isotope. Nitrogen 16 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 16.
How does natural selection cause a population to become adapted to its environment over time?
On average, those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the local environment produce the greatest number of offspring that survive and reproduce. This increases the frequency of those traits in the population over time. The result is the accumulation of evolutionary adaptions.
Properties of life
Order, regulation, growth and development, energy processing, response to the environment, reproduction, and evolution
Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers in research on the chemistry of life?
Organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes of an element into their molecules just as they do nonradioactive isotopes, and researchers can detect the presence of the radioactive isotopes.
Plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy in the form of sugar. While doing so, they consume carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen. Explain how this process functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
Photosynthesis cycles nutrients by converting the carbon in carbon dioxide to sugar, which is then consumed by other organisms. Additionally, the oxygen in water is released as oxygen gas. Photosynthesis contributes to energy flow by converting sunlight to chemical energy, which is then also consumed by other organisms, and by producing heat.
Artificial selection
Purposeful breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans
Scientific method
Series of steps that provides a loose guideline for scientific investigations.
Throughout living systems, information is ____, ____, and ___.
Stored, transmitted, and used
What is the smallest level capable of demonstrating all of the characteristics of life?
The cell
True/False: bacteria has no nucleus
True
Discovery science
Verifiable observations and measurements are the data of discovery science
Place the biological organization in order from smallest to largest.
atom, molecule, cell tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere
Which of the following statements best describes the logic of the scientific method? a. If i generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. b. if my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis c. if my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis d. if my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results
d. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results