Biology 2 Test 1 Chapter 1

Science

Approach to understanding the natural world that is based on inquiry

Taxonomy

Branch of biology that names and classifies species

Who came up with the idea of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Three domains of life

Domain bacteria, domain archaea, and domain eukarya

What is chemically nonsensical about this structure? H-C=C-H

Each carbon atom has only three covalent bonds instead of the required four.

An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing ______. An atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing ______.

Electrons / Neutrons

Genome

Entire set of genetic information that an organism inherits

Which domain of life do humans belong?

Eukarya

At all levels of biology, structure and ___ are related

Function

If you come up with a tentative explanation for their dietary behavior and then test your idea, what kind of science are you performing?

Hypothesis-driven science

5 unifying themes

1. Evolution by Natural Selection 2. structure/ function 3. Information flow =DNA 4. Energy transformation 5. Interconnected within symptoms

Evolution

Descent with modification

Within ecosystems, ____ are recycled, but energy flows through.

Nutrients

Natural selection

The environment selects only certain heritable traits from those already existing

Natural selection

Unequal reproductive success

If you change the number of ___________, the atom becomes a different element.

Protons

Data

Recorded observations

Biology

Scientific study of life

______ is the core idea that unifies all areas of biology

evolution

Which properties of life apply to a car? Which do not?

A car demonstrates order, regulation, energy utilization, and response to the environment. A car does not grow, reproduce, or evolve

Explain how the correlation of structure to function applies to a tennis racket

A tennis racket must have a large flat surface for striking the ball and a handle for grasping and controlling the racket

Hypothesis

A testable idea

For each of the following organisms, match its description to its most likely domain and/or kingdom: a. A foot- tall organism capable of producing it's own food from sunlight b. A microscopic, simple, nucleus- free organism found living in a riverbed c. an inch-tall organism growing on the forest floor that consumes material from dead leaves d. a thimble-sized organism that feeds on algae growing in a pond 1. Bacteria 2. Eukarya/Animalia 3. Eukarya/Fungi 4. Eukarya/Plantae

A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2

Biosphere

All life-supporting environments on Earth

Changing structure often results in an

Altered function

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms? a. capable of self - reproduction b. composed of multiple cells c. complex yet organized d. uses energy

B. Composed of multiple cells (some living organisms are single celled.)

If you observe the squirrels on your campus and collect date on their dietary habits, what kind of science are you performing?

Discovery science

What is the modern term for what Darwin called "descent with modification?"

Evolution

Major themes in biology

Evolution, Structure/Function, information flow, energy transformations, and interconnections within systems

Species

Generally defined as a group of organisms that live in the same place and time and have the potential to interbreed

Which is bigger: gene or genome?

Genome (because it consists of all your genes)

Different parts of domain eukarya

Kingdom plantae, kingdom fungi, kingdom animalia, protists

Theory

Much broader in scope than a hypothesis

What mechanism did Darwin propose for evolution? What three word phase summaries this mechanism?

Natural selection, unequal reproductive success

A nitrogen atom has 7 protons, and the most common isotope of nitrogen has 7 neutrons. A radioactive isotope of nitrogen has 9 neutrons. What are the atomic numbers and mass numbers of the stable and radioactive forms of nitrogen?

Nitrogen - 14 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 14. The radioactive isotope. Nitrogen 16 has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 16.

How does natural selection cause a population to become adapted to its environment over time?

On average, those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the local environment produce the greatest number of offspring that survive and reproduce. This increases the frequency of those traits in the population over time. The result is the accumulation of evolutionary adaptions.

Properties of life

Order, regulation, growth and development, energy processing, response to the environment, reproduction, and evolution

Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers in research on the chemistry of life?

Organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes of an element into their molecules just as they do nonradioactive isotopes, and researchers can detect the presence of the radioactive isotopes.

Plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy in the form of sugar. While doing so, they consume carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen. Explain how this process functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

Photosynthesis cycles nutrients by converting the carbon in carbon dioxide to sugar, which is then consumed by other organisms. Additionally, the oxygen in water is released as oxygen gas. Photosynthesis contributes to energy flow by converting sunlight to chemical energy, which is then also consumed by other organisms, and by producing heat.

Artificial selection

Purposeful breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans

Scientific method

Series of steps that provides a loose guideline for scientific investigations.

Throughout living systems, information is ____, ____, and ___.

Stored, transmitted, and used

What is the smallest level capable of demonstrating all of the characteristics of life?

The cell

True/False: bacteria has no nucleus

True

Discovery science

Verifiable observations and measurements are the data of discovery science

Place the biological organization in order from smallest to largest.

atom, molecule, cell tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere

Which of the following statements best describes the logic of the scientific method? a. If i generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. b. if my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis c. if my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis d. if my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results

d. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results