Biology 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Bioinformatics

Use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data

Genetic engineering

Changing an organisms DNA to go e it specific traits

Plasmids

Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate on their own within the cell

Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

Produces millions or billions of copies of a single strand of DNA within a few hours

Restriction maps

Show the length of DNA fragments from restriction sites in DNA strand

Gene therapy

Replacement of ineffective or missing gene or the addition of a new gene into a person's venom to treat a disease

DNA fingerprinting

A representation of parts of an individual's DNA that can be used to identify a person

Primer

A short strand of dna that acts as a starting point for the new strand

Gel electrophoresis

An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments from eachother

Recombinant dna

DNA that contains genes from more than one organism

Gene sequencing

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides in a gene or genome

Restriction enzyme

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules into specific sequences

Gene knockout

Genes that have been purposefully turned off

Genetic screening

Process of test in DNA to determine a person's risk of habin or passing down a genetic disorder

Clone

Genetically identical copy of a gene or organism

Human genome project

Map of sequence in all base pairs of the human chromosome, and identify all the genes in a sequence

Proteomics

Study and comparison of all proteins that result from an organisms genome

Genomics

The study of genomes which can include sequencing all of the organisms DNA

DNA microarrays

Tools that help scientists study many genes and their expressions at once

Transgenic

organism has DNA from one or more different organism inserted into it's genome.