Biology 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6
Bioinformatics
Use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data
Genetic engineering
Changing an organisms DNA to go e it specific traits
Plasmids
Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate on their own within the cell
Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)
Produces millions or billions of copies of a single strand of DNA within a few hours
Restriction maps
Show the length of DNA fragments from restriction sites in DNA strand
Gene therapy
Replacement of ineffective or missing gene or the addition of a new gene into a person's venom to treat a disease
DNA fingerprinting
A representation of parts of an individual's DNA that can be used to identify a person
Primer
A short strand of dna that acts as a starting point for the new strand
Gel electrophoresis
An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments from eachother
Recombinant dna
DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
Gene sequencing
Determining the order of DNA nucleotides in a gene or genome
Restriction enzyme
Enzymes that cut DNA molecules into specific sequences
Gene knockout
Genes that have been purposefully turned off
Genetic screening
Process of test in DNA to determine a person's risk of habin or passing down a genetic disorder
Clone
Genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
Human genome project
Map of sequence in all base pairs of the human chromosome, and identify all the genes in a sequence
Proteomics
Study and comparison of all proteins that result from an organisms genome
Genomics
The study of genomes which can include sequencing all of the organisms DNA
DNA microarrays
Tools that help scientists study many genes and their expressions at once
Transgenic
organism has DNA from one or more different organism inserted into it's genome.