biology

List each biomolecule in the elements found in each.

6 Elements that makeup Biomolecules C: Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell H: Hydrogen has 1 electron in its outer shell O: Oxygen N: Nitrogen P: Phosphorus S: Sulfur

What is an enzyme? Describe the characteristics of an enzyme.

An enzyme is a protein molecule that is a biological catalyst with three characteristics.

List ALL the differences between animal cells and plant cells.

Animal Cell ANIMAL CELLS Does not have a cell wall, irregular in shape No chloroplast present Small temporary vacuoles or no vacuole Starch grains not present The nucleus is usually located centrally PLANT CELLS Has a cell wall, regular in shape Chloroplast present Large vacuoles located in the centre of the cell Starch grains present Due to the central location of the vacuole, the nucleus of the cell may be located at the edge of the cell

List each biomolecule and all of their functions.

Carbohydrate, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are 4 major groups of biomolecules that make up cells in organisms. They are responsible for everything from the storage of energy to support structures within a cell system.

Explain the difference between prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is a key concept in understanding how our body works. It means keeping things constant and comes from two Greek words: 'homeo,' meaning 'similar,' and 'stasis,' meaning 'stable.' A more formal definition of homeostasis is a characteristic of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties.

List the monomers in the polymers of each biomolecule.

Monomer Polymer Fatty acid *Diglyceride, triglyceride Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Amino acid Polypeptide (protein) Nucleotide Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)

List all the organelles and structures found in plant and animal cells and explain their function.

Parts of the animal cell are as follows: Cell membrane - forms the outer covering of the cell, and is semi-permeable. Cytoplasm - is a gel-like matrix where all the other cell organelles are suspended inside the cell. Nucleus - contains the hereditary material DNA and directs the activities of the cell. Centrioles - organize the microtubules assembly during cell division. Endoplasmic Reticulum - are a network of membranes composed of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi complex - is responsible for storing, packaging of cellular products. Lysosomes - are enzyme sacs, that digest cellular wastes. Microtubules - are hollow rods, function primarily as support and shape to the cell. Mitochondria - is the site for cellular respiration and producers of energy. Ribosomes - are made of RNA and proteins, and are sites for protein synthesis. Nucleolus - is the structure within the nucleus and helps in synthesis of ribosomes. Nucleopore - is the tiny hole in the nuclear membrane, allows the movement of nucleic acids and proteins in/out of the cell.

Examples of prokaryotes cells and eukaryote cells

Prokaryotic cells lack internal cellular bodies (organelles), while eukaryotic cells possess them. Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria and archaea. Examples of eukaryotes are protists, fungi, plants, and animals (everything except prokaryotes).

List the 4 types of cell transport mechanisms and include the following information for each: definition, active or passive, energy or no energy, concentration gradient, what is transported in each, examples of each.

Simple Diffusion Active Transport Energy, Osmosis Passive Transport No energy, facilitated diffusion Active Transport Energy, Active transport Energy.

List the functions of enzymes.

The basic function of an enzyme is to increase the rate of a reaction.

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

The seven characteristics of life include: responsiveness to the environment; growth and change; ability to reproduce; have a metabolism and breathe; maintain homeostasis; being made of cells; passing traits onto offspring.

How many of the characteristics must an object to possess to be considered living?

To be considered alive, an object must exhibit all of the characteristics of living things.