Biology A Notes - Lesson 7

The following statement is false. Reword the statement so it is true. A eukaryotic cell's size and shape often depends on whether it has a nucleus and membrane-bound cell parts.

A eukaryotic cell's size and shape often depends on where in the body the cell is located and what it does.

Describe the three basic shapes of bacteria.

Bacteria can be rod-shaped (bacillus), spherical-shaped (coccus), or spiral-shaped (spirillum).

Why are cells so small?

Cells are small because they need to divide so that their membrane is proportional to their cell contents.

Describe colonial organisms and multicellular organisms, defining the difference between them.

Colonial organisms are made up of single-celled organisms that do not work with each other and are not dependent on each other for survival. Multicellular organisms are also made up of single cells; however, these cells are always eukaryotic cells that work together and depend on each other to survive.

Which of the statements is true?

Colonial organisms are unicellular.

As cell size increases, the surface area-to-volume ratio increases.

False

Which are basic features shared by all cells? (Select all that apply.)

Genetic material in the form of DNA. A plasma membrane that acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. A semifluid cytoplasm that contains all the specialized parts of the cell.

What are the different levels of organization for cells within multicellular eukaryotic organisms?

In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, cells organize into tissues, tissues organize into organs, and organs organize into organ systems.

How does the growth rate of a cell's membrane make it hard for the cell to thrive?

The cell membrane does not increase proportionally; the cell's internal parts grow much larger than the cell membrane. It is therefore unable to handle the food needed and waste created by the cell's internal parts.

What becomes a problem as a single cell grows larger?

The surface area-to-volume ratio makes it harder for the cell to get food and remove waste.

What are the two basic types of cells? Distinguish between them.

The two basic types are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and membrane-bound cell parts, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and many membrane-bound cell parts.

Which is an advantage of multicellular organisms? (Select all that apply.)

They have specialized levels of organization, such as tissues, that carry out specific functions. Their cells can come together to form larger organisms. Their cells can coordinate to perform different activities.

__________ are groups of cells that have similar structures and functions.

Tissues

Only eukaryotic cells can form multicellular organisms.

True

Which statement correctly describes why cells are small?

When cells are small, their food and waste can be efficiently handled by the cell membrane.

What are the three basic structures that all cells share?

a cell (plasma) membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material

Which is an example of a prokaryote?

bacteria

Which of the following are examples of tissue? (Select all that apply.)

blood nerves

What are the three basic structures all cells share? (Select all that apply.)

cell membrane cytoplasm genetic material (DNA)

Determine whether the following definition best applies to a nerve, the heart, or the digestive system. Type your answer into the answer box. consists of different organs that work together to carry out major body functions

digestive system

Cells need to __________ to make their membrane more proportional to their internal parts.

divide

Muscle cells are examples of _____ cells.

eukaryotic

Determine whether the following definition best applies to a nerve, the heart, or the digestive system. Type your answer into the answer box.specialized structure of tissues that has a specific function

heart

As a cell becomes larger, its volume __________.

increases much faster than its surface area

What represents the cell's surface area?

its cell membrane

What represents the cell's volume?

its internal parts

In cells, is it better for the surface area-to-volume ratio to be smaller or larger?

larger

The __________ of a cell represent(s) the cell's surface area, and its __________ represent(s) the volume.

membrane; internal parts

Determine whether the following definition best applies to a nerve, the heart, or the digestive system. Type your answer into the answer box.group of cells that has similar structures and functions

nerve

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

rod, sphere, and spiral

The flowchart below depicts the levels of organization in multicellular organisms. cells --> _____ --> _____ --> organ systems Which correctly completes the flowchart?

tissues; organs