Biology: CH 1, Biology: CH 2, Biology: CH 3, Biology: CH 4, Biology: CH 5, Biology: CH 7, Biology: CH 8, Biology: CH 9, Biology: Ch 10, Biology: CH 11

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.

A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.

buffer

Humans store glucose in the form of

glycogen

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

Which of the following is a correct match?

lysosomes - cellular digestion

All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called

metabolism.

Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix and pleated sheet?

secondary structure

The principle role for sugars in living things is to

serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch

Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?

tertiary and quaternary structures

To understand the levels of biological organization, match each of the labels with the correct illustration. Place your cursor on the boxes for hints.

small molecules ➞ large molecules ➞ cells ➞ tissues ➞ organs ➞ organ systems ➞ complex orgamisms

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

acts as the control center of the cell

How are domains organized?

based upon comparisons of ribosomal RNA and characteristics like cell structure

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells.

What is the function of a peptide bond?

joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid

A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its

mitochondria.

Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function?

mitochondrion - cellular respiration

A saturated fat has

no double bonds.

The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.

7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions

An element has an atomic number of 88. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

88 protons and 88 electrons.

Which of the following classification categories for humans is correct?

Homo sapiens: binomial name

Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?

amino acid - peptide - polypeptide

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions

Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with

an electron microscope.

Isotopes of an atom differ in their

atomic mass.

All atoms of the same element have the same

atomic number.

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin.

Select the incorrect association.

fructose - a polysaccharide

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension.

The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another. The weak attractions between water molecules are known as

hydrogen bonds.

If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as

hydrophilic

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?

the cytoskeleton

When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom

the sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion. the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion. the positive and negative ions will attract each other, forming a crystal if no water is present. the ions will separate in the presence of water. (All of the above statements are correct.)

A fatty acid that has double bonds is called

unsaturated

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

valence electrons.

Which of the following is a property of water?

water is a good solvent water is cohesive water has a high heat capacity water can be found as a solid, liquid, or gas (All of the above are properties of water.)

Which of the following would be considered a trace element in living things?

zinc

Bacteria and Archaea are both domains consisting of prokaryotic organisms.

True

Managing emerging diseases such as SARS is just one of the many challenges facing science today.

True

Of the following examples, which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?

Water can move up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves.

Which property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?

Water is a good solvent.

A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?

a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

Which of the following is a type of intracellular protein?

actin filaments myosin microtubules kinesin ( All of the above are types of intracellular proteins. )

The following figure represents which process?

dehydration synthesis

A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

dehydration synthesis reaction.

An atom's valence electron shell

determines its chemical reactivity.

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?

domain Archaea

Which of the following is the most inclusive level of organization?

ecosystem

A covalent bond occurs when

electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

Label the image below to identify the steps of the scientific method.

observations ➞ hypothesis ➞ experiment/observations ➞ conclusion ➞ scientific theory

The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different

organs

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.

polymer; glucose molecules

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP.

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.

proteins; nucleotides

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monosaccharides.

A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of

unequal sharing of electrons.

Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?

-NH2

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is

2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains, though they differ from one another. From the options below, select the difference between these domains.

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan; Archaeal cell walls do not.

Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?

Basic solutions release OH-.

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.

Which of the following elements are found in glucose?

C, H, O

How does DNA differ from RNA?

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

Since no eukaryotes have cell walls, it is easy to distinguish this group from domains Bacteria and Archaea.

False

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?

Golgi apparatus

Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of _______ ions and would be called a(n) ________.

H+; acid

An ionic bond forms when

a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge.

The scientific method

begins with observations.

Match each of the following characteristics into the correct eukaryotic kingdom based on the descriptions.

PLANTAE ➞ well-known multicellular photosynthesizers, ferns. ANIMALIA ➞ multicellular food ingesters, cats and humans. FUNGI ➞ multicellular decomposers, molds and mushrooms. PROTISTA ➞ range from unicellular to multicellular- photosynthetic or not, eugiena and paramecium

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many valence shell electrons does it have?

Six

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

A molecule is said to be organic if it contains

carbon and hydrogen atoms.

The smallest, most basic unit of life is a(n)

cell

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose.

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)

monomer

In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.

monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed

The process of ________ leads to organisms that are ________ that environment.

natural selection; adapted to

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number.

The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are the

neutrons and protons.

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacterial cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

not allowing them to produce proteins.

Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What part of the bacterial cell does Y represent?

nucleoid

The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?

nucleotides

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotes.

nucleus present, organelles, endoplasmic reticulum is present

The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.

fat; dehydration synthesis

Which word should be categorized separately from the others?

fats steroids ( glycogen ) phospholipids lipids

Cells need buffering agents in order to

minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment.

Label the image below to review the flow of energy and the cycling chemicals in a terrestrial ecosystem. Place your cursor on the boxes for hints.

solar energy ➞ producers ➞ consumers ➞ decomposers