Biology: CH 1, Biology: CH 2, Biology: CH 3, Biology: CH 4, Biology: CH 5, Biology: CH 7, Biology: CH 8, Biology: CH 9, Biology: Ch 10, Biology: CH 11
Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?
Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
buffer
Humans store glucose in the form of
glycogen
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ________ bond.
ionic
Which of the following is a correct match?
lysosomes - cellular digestion
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
metabolism.
Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix and pleated sheet?
secondary structure
The principle role for sugars in living things is to
serve as a form of immediate cellular energy.
Plants store their sugar in the form of
starch
Which of the following levels of a protein are susceptible to denaturation?
tertiary and quaternary structures
To understand the levels of biological organization, match each of the labels with the correct illustration. Place your cursor on the boxes for hints.
small molecules ➞ large molecules ➞ cells ➞ tissues ➞ organs ➞ organ systems ➞ complex orgamisms
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
acts as the control center of the cell
How are domains organized?
based upon comparisons of ribosomal RNA and characteristics like cell structure
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells.
What is the function of a peptide bond?
joins an amino acid to an adjacent amino acid
A cell that cannot produce enough energy to function properly most likely has a problem with its
mitochondria.
Which of the following is a correct matching of an organelle and its function?
mitochondrion - cellular respiration
A saturated fat has
no double bonds.
The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
An element has an atomic number of 88. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
88 protons and 88 electrons.
Which of the following classification categories for humans is correct?
Homo sapiens: binomial name
Which of the following is in correct order from smallest to largest?
amino acid - peptide - polypeptide
Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?
amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions
Some proteins within a cell can be viewed with
an electron microscope.
Isotopes of an atom differ in their
atomic mass.
All atoms of the same element have the same
atomic number.
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin.
Select the incorrect association.
fructose - a polysaccharide
Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water
has surface tension.
The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another. The weak attractions between water molecules are known as
hydrogen bonds.
If a material mixes readily with water, it is identified as
hydrophilic
Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move?
the cytoskeleton
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom
the sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion. the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion. the positive and negative ions will attract each other, forming a crystal if no water is present. the ions will separate in the presence of water. (All of the above statements are correct.)
A fatty acid that has double bonds is called
unsaturated
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons.
Which of the following is a property of water?
water is a good solvent water is cohesive water has a high heat capacity water can be found as a solid, liquid, or gas (All of the above are properties of water.)
Which of the following would be considered a trace element in living things?
zinc
Bacteria and Archaea are both domains consisting of prokaryotic organisms.
True
Managing emerging diseases such as SARS is just one of the many challenges facing science today.
True
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates the property of water cohesion?
Water can move up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves.
Which property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?
Water is a good solvent.
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components?
a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
Which of the following is a type of intracellular protein?
actin filaments myosin microtubules kinesin ( All of the above are types of intracellular proteins. )
The following figure represents which process?
dehydration synthesis
A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a
dehydration synthesis reaction.
An atom's valence electron shell
determines its chemical reactivity.
A prokaryotic cell
does not have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?
domain Archaea
Which of the following is the most inclusive level of organization?
ecosystem
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.
An atom with a neutral charge has
equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
Label the image below to identify the steps of the scientific method.
observations ➞ hypothesis ➞ experiment/observations ➞ conclusion ➞ scientific theory
The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different
organs
What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?
plasma membrane
Which feature is found in all cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Glycogen is a ________ made of many ________.
polymer; glucose molecules
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP.
Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA.
proteins; nucleotides
In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the
reactants
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monosaccharides.
A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of
unequal sharing of electrons.
Which of the following is a functional group present in amino acids?
-NH2
The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is
2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.
Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic domains, though they differ from one another. From the options below, select the difference between these domains.
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan; Archaeal cell walls do not.
Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?
Basic solutions release OH-.
Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?
Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall.
Which of the following elements are found in glucose?
C, H, O
How does DNA differ from RNA?
DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.
Since no eukaryotes have cell walls, it is easy to distinguish this group from domains Bacteria and Archaea.
False
Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?
Golgi apparatus
Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of _______ ions and would be called a(n) ________.
H+; acid
An ionic bond forms when
a negatively charged ion is attracted to one with a positive charge.
The scientific method
begins with observations.
Match each of the following characteristics into the correct eukaryotic kingdom based on the descriptions.
PLANTAE ➞ well-known multicellular photosynthesizers, ferns. ANIMALIA ➞ multicellular food ingesters, cats and humans. FUNGI ➞ multicellular decomposers, molds and mushrooms. PROTISTA ➞ range from unicellular to multicellular- photosynthetic or not, eugiena and paramecium
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic.
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many valence shell electrons does it have?
Six
Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.
The four main categories of organic macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
A molecule is said to be organic if it contains
carbon and hydrogen atoms.
The smallest, most basic unit of life is a(n)
cell
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
cellulose.
The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)
monomer
In a dehydration reaction, ________. In order for this to occur water is ________.
monomers are joined to become a polymer; removed
The process of ________ leads to organisms that are ________ that environment.
natural selection; adapted to
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number.
The subatomic particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are the
neutrons and protons.
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?
It converts light energy into chemical energy.
There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that inhibits the function of bacterial ribosomes. Consequently, as the bacterial cells die, the person taking the antibiotics gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by
not allowing them to produce proteins.
Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What part of the bacterial cell does Y represent?
nucleoid
The polymer shown below is comprised of what kind of subunits?
nucleotides
Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotes.
nucleus present, organelles, endoplasmic reticulum is present
The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.
fat; dehydration synthesis
Which word should be categorized separately from the others?
fats steroids ( glycogen ) phospholipids lipids
Cells need buffering agents in order to
minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment.
Label the image below to review the flow of energy and the cycling chemicals in a terrestrial ecosystem. Place your cursor on the boxes for hints.
solar energy ➞ producers ➞ consumers ➞ decomposers