Biology Ch 16 Test

Homologous, Analogous, or Vestigial structures? Dolphin fin and fish tail

Analogous

Homologous, Analogous, or Vestigial structures? Snake tongue and dog nose

Analogous

Body parts that share common function, but not structure

Analogous structures

Biogeographers study where organisms live now and where they and their ____________ lived in the past.

Ancestors

During Darwin's time, geologists were suggesting that Earth was ________________

Ancient

Humans select organisms with certain traits and allow them to reproduce

Artificial selection

Darwin spent most of his time exploring the continent of South America; he did not visit North America, ___________ , or _____________________

Asia; Antarctica

Species have adapted over time to local conditions.

Biogeography

Darwin's work offers insight into the living world by showing organisms are constantly __________________

Changing

When individuals from a mainland bird population immigrate to various islands, natural selection may result in ________________ related, but different, island species.

Closely

All living cells use _______ and _______ to code heritable information.

DNA; RNA

Every organism alive today ________________ from ancestors who survived and reproduced.

Descended

The principle that living species descend, with changes, from other species over time is referred to as ______________ _______ _________________________

Descent with modification

Animals with backbones have a common ancestor, as shown by how these organisms develop before they are born.

Embryological development

Over many generations, adaptation could cause successful species to _____________ into new species

Evolve

Darwin only used his observations of modern, living organisms to make his conclusions about evolution. True or False?

False

~Natural selection~ is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment. True or False?

False; fitness

Natural selection acts on ~acquired~ traits. True or False?

False; inherited

Hutton realized that Earth was much ~younger~ than previously believed. True or False?

False; older

Lyell thought most geological processes operated extremely ~quickly~. True or False?

False; slowly

The processes that changed Earth in the past are ~different~ from the processes that operate in the present. True or False?

False; the same as

Intermediate forms show that organisms have changed over time.

Fossil record

The ___________ ___________ provides physical evidence of descent with modification over long periods of time

Fossil record

What physical evidence concludes that species change over time?

Fossils

An example of a species that varies locally

Galapagos tortoises

Almost all organisms share a common genetic code.

Genetics

The science of ______________ provides molecular evidence that supports evolutionary theory

Genetics

Darwin was influenced by Lyell's book Principles of ___________________

Geology

Species vary ____________, ___________________, and ____________________

Globally; Locally; Overtime

An example of a species that varies overtime

Glypodont or Armadillo

Homologous, Analogous, or Vestigial structures? Bat wing and mouse arm

Homologous

Homologous, Analogous, or Vestigial structures? Reptile foot and bird foot

Homologous

Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor

Homologous structures

In artificial selection, these select the useful variations

Humans

One of two scientists who recognized that Earth was very old

Hutton

His theory of evolution was based on acquired traits

Lamarck

Darwin was inspired by his ideas on population growth

Malthus

In natural selection, this determines the variations.

Nature

An example of a species that varies globally

Ostrich or Rhea

Common descent suggests that all species, living and extinct, are ____________

Related

Natural selection depends on the ability of organisms to _________________, which means to leave descendants.

Reproduce

Distantly related organisms may be similar if they live in _____________ environments

Similar

Relatively minor changes in an organism's genome can produce major changes in an organism's _________________

Structures

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival is considered ~an adaptation.~ True or False?

True

Darwin did not come up with the theory of evolution; he was only able to explain how it happened. True or False?

True

~Lyell's~ work explained how large geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time.

True

Homologous, Analogous, or Vestigial structures? Eyes on a blind cave fish

Vestigial

Body parts in animals that are so reduced in size that they are just traces of homologous structures in other species

Vestigial structures

What is a heritable trait that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce? a. Adaptation b. Acquired trait c. Fitness d. Evolution

a. Adaption

What is the process by which humans select organisms with certain traits and allow them to reproduce? a. Artificial selection b. Artificial evolution c. Natural selection d. Human selection

a. Artificial selection

Which one word best describes what evolution is? a. Change b. Organize c. Remain d. Move

a. Change

Who developed the correct theory of how species evolve? a. Darwin b. Hutton c. Lyell d. Lamarck

a. Darwin

All organisms are a. Descended from a common ancestor b. Descended from different ancestors c. escended from each other d. The same

a. Descended from a common ancestor

Which of the following hypotheses did the Grants test? a. Differences in beak size and shape produce differences in fitness. b. For beak size and shape to evolve, the birds must leave the islands. c. For beak size and shape to evolve, the climate must change radically. d. Differences in beak size and shape are not determined by genetic mutations.

a. Differences in beak size and shape produce differences in fitness.

What is the term used to describe the change of heritable traits in a population of organisms over time? a. Evolution b. Darwinism c. Selection d. Variation

a. Evolution

The preserved remain of a once living organism is called a a. Fossil b. Stone c. Rock d. Embryo

a. Fossil

Different species on different continents in the same time period are said to vary ________. a. Globally b. Locally c. Over time d. Never

a. Globally

What are body parts of different species that have a similar structure but different function? a. Homologous structures b. Analagous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Heterogenous structures

a. Homologous structures

Which observation caused Thomas Malthus to form his theory about population growth? a. Human birth rate was higher than the death rate. b. War caused the death of thousands of people. c. Famines were common in England in the 1800s. d. The offspring of most species survived into adulthood.

a. Human birth rate was higher than the death rate.

The Grants conducted their experiment to test which of the following processes? a. Natural selection b. Genetic mutation c. Artificial selection d. Sexual reproduction

a. Natural selection

Who studied birds on the Galapagos islands and documented the change of the bird's beak size over time, providing evidence for evolution? a. The Grants b. Darwin c. Lyell d. Malthus

a. The Grants

What are body parts of different species that have a similar function but different structure? a. Homologous structures b. Analagous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Heterogenous structures

b. Analogous structures

Which of the following does NOT prove common descent/ancestory? a. Homologous structures b. Analagous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Homologous molecules

b. Analogous structures

Who concluded that the Earth is older than previously thought? a. Hutton b. Lyell c. Lamarck d. Malthus

b. Hutton

Who concluded that processes that shape the Earth in the past are still at work today? a. Hutton b. Lyell c. Lamarck d. Malthus

b. Lyell

When did Darwin develop his theory about evolution? a. Early 1800s b. Mid 1800s c. Late 1900s d. Early 1700

b. Mid 1800s

Which of the following books explained Darwin's theory of evolution? a. The Voyage of the Beagle b. On the Origin of Species c. Principles of Geology d. Romeo and Juliet

b. On the Origin of Species

Evolution acts on what? a. Individuals b. Populations c. The environment d. Darwin

b. Populations

What chooses which organisms live and die in natural selection? a. Humans b. The environment c. Darwin d. Computers

b. The environment

What is the study of where organisms live/lived? a. Biology b. Geography c. Biogeography d. Geology

c. Biogeography

The data that the Grants collected proved that there is a. No link between the environment and the shape of finch feet. b. No link between the environment and the shape of finch beaks. c. Great variation of heritable traits among Galápagos finches. d. Very little variation of heritable traits among Galápagos finches.

c. Great variation of heritable traits among Galápagos finches.

Who suggested that organisms inherit acquired traits, which leads to the evolution of species? a. Hutton b. Lyell c. Lamarck d. Malthus

c. Lamarck

Malthus's ideas led Darwin to conclude that a. Earth is much older than previously thought. b. The size of the human population can grow indefinitely. c. Many more organisms are born than will survive and reproduce. d. Organisms are able to evolve through a process known as artificial selection.

c. Many more organisms are born than will survive and reproduce.

What are body parts that are no longer used by modern organisms, but were used by their ancestors? a. Homologous structures b. Analagous structures c. Vestigial structures d. Heterogenous structures

c. Vestigial structures

Which of the following is an idea attributed to Malthus? a. As a population decreases in size, warfare and famine become more common. b. As a population increases in size, the percentage of offspring that survive also increases. c. If the human population grew unchecked, its rate of evolution would increase geometrically. d. If the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn't be enough living space and food for everyone.

d. If the human population grew unchecked, there wouldn't be enough living space and food for everyone.

What does fitness refer to? a. Body strength b. Intelligence c. The environment d. Living and reproducing

d. Living and reproducing

Who concluded that if human keep reproducing at their current rate, there would be a shortage of food and space? a. Hutton b. Lyell c. Lamarck d. Malthus

d. Malthus