Biology Ch. 4

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

protein modification

How are the jobs of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast related?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from some other form into ATP.

What is the purpose of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce ATP using the energy in food.

Which statement best describes the relationship between RNA and DNA?

RNA is a temporary copy of DNA that is used to make proteins.

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

What activity occurs in the nucleolus?

Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus.

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton is much more important to animal cells than to plant cells?

microfilaments

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

A

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

lipid manufacture

Which of the following organelles is found only in plants and provides internal support for the plant?

central vacuoles

In which of these cell types would you expect to find a membrane-bound nucleus?

fungal cell

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleoid region

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

The process of creating and exporting a protein requires many organelles. Which of the following lists these organelles in order?

nucleus, rough ER, vesicle, golgi apparatus, vesicle

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisome

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

Can you match these biology terms with their definitions?

1. The endoplasmic reticulum is a system of membranes and channels where proteins and lipids are synthesized. 2. Cytoplasm is all of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, except for the nucleus. 3. A(n) microtubule is a small, hollow strand of the protein tubulin that enables movement of cell structures and is a major component of cilia and flagella. 4. A(n) lysosome is a membrane-bound cell structure that digests worn-out cellular material and foreign matter that enters the cell. 5. The structure in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place is known as the chloroplast. 6. The nucleus is an example of a cell organelle, one of a number of tiny membrane-enclosed structures found in many cells. 7. A(n) prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus. A(n) eukaryotic cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

What feature is common in all cells?

All cells have a plasma membrane.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

Basal bodies

Which of the statements below would not be valid in supporting the endosymbiont hypothesis (as it pertains to mitochondria and chloroplasts)?

Both have identical DNA contained within them and perform the same functions.

What is similar about exporting proteins from a cell and digesting food particles within a cell?

Both processes involve the formation of vesicles.

Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA.

C

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

C

What is the difference between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are much shorter than flagella.

The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

D

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

D

What is the most specific function of DNA?

DNA provides the instruction code for making proteins.

Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

E

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which set in the list below is incorrectly matched to address the cellular structure with its respective function in eurkaryotic cells?

Golgi apparatus: synthesis of cell membrane phospholipids

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion

Think of all the structures that prokaryotic cells possess and those that they lack. What is the common feature of most of the missing structures that are not found in prokaryotes but are found in eukaryotes?

Most of the missing structures are enclosed by a membrane.

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

Why is the nucleus considered the control center for the cell?

The nucleus, which contains the DNA in chromosomes, provides the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which are involved with many vital tasks within a cell.

We usually compare all eukaryotic cells as a group to all prokaryotic cells. However, some types of eukaryotic cells have characteristics that are found in prokaryotic cells but not in other eukaryotic cells. What feature do plant cells share with prokaryotic cells but not with animal cells?

cell wall

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

When was the idea of "cell theory" developed?

in the middle 1800s- Serious work on the cell theory occurred between 1838 and 1855, when it was finalized.

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

You find a population of strange cells in a sample of pond water. You wish to determine first whether they are eukaryotic or prokaryotic. You look for a membrane-enclosed nucleus and don't see one, but sometimes the nucleus is hard to spot without staining. What else could you look for to determine which cell type this is?

membrane-bound organelles

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Which of the components of the cytoskeleton are used directly for movement of components inside of the cell?

microtubules and microfilaments

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Which of the functions of a cytoskeleton is unique to eukaryotic cells and does not occur in prokaryotic cells?

organelle movement

What is responsible for giving the plasma membrane the ability to block most ions and polar compounds from crossing?

phospholipid bilayer

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Which cellular structure has the most in common with the nuclear envelope?

plasma membrane

What is the smallest living thing in the following list: frog embryo, mitochondrion, prokaryote, virus, atom?

prokaryote

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

Which of the following is present inside a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell?

ribosomes

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

support and protection

The cytoskeleton performs all the following important functions within a cell except:

synthesizing ribosomes

Can you match these prefixes, suffixes, and word roots with their definitions?

water: aqu- (or aqua-) across: trans- between: inter- color: chrom- little, small: -elle two: bi- body: -some (or soma-)