Biology ch8

The function of a bacterial pilus relates to

DNA transfer

diseases and organisms that have been associated with a high degree of antibiotic resistance

Staphylococcus aureus tuberculosis enterococci gonorrhea

What is a bacterial plasmid?

a small, circular piece of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome

Gonorrhea, strep throat, tuberculosis, and syphilis are human diseases caused by

bacteria

Which type of organism is a single-celled prokaryote?

bacterium

Bacteria reproduce by a process called______ fission.

binary

The two essential components shared by all viruses are a core of nucleic acids surrounded by an outer_____formed from protein.

capsid

human diseases that are caused by viruses

chickenpox influenza AIDS rabies

Many bacteria can use hollow appendages called pili to transfer DNA between cells in a process called

conjugation

The genetic material of viruses can consist of

double-stranded RNA double-stranded DNA single-stranded DNA single-stranded RNA

XDR TB stands for extensively______-resistant tuberculosis.

drug

Motile bacteria usually have one or more long, thin cellular appendages called

flagella

infections with MRSA are particularly common in which three groups?

hospitalized patients nursing home residents athletes who share equipment

characteristics of MRSA, a type of Staph infection, that make it particularly dangerous

lethality antibiotic resistance

MDR TB is (more/less)_____common than XDR TB. Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia have the highest rates of (MDR/XDR)______.

more; MDR

The function of bacterial flagella relates to

motility

An epidemic that is confined to a local area is called a(n)________, whereas a global epidemic is called a(n)_______.

outbreak; pandemic

two essential components that all viruses have

outer capsid inner core with nucleic acid

characteristics of viruses

parasites of cells acellular

The general term for a bacterium, virus, or other microbe that causes disease is a(n)

pathogen

Bacteria can transfer DNA between cells using an elongated, hollow appendage called a

pilus

Genes coding for antibiotic resistance in bacteria are often located on small, circular pieces of DNA called

plasmids

All bacteria are ______ that ______ a nucleus.

prokaryotes; lack

Viruses infect a specific type of host cell because they bind to what type of molecule on the host cell surface?

receptor

MRSA stands for methicillin-________Staphylococcus aureus.

resistant

human diseases that are caused by bacteria

syphilis tuberculosis strep throat tetanus

Which type of microbe is a parasite of cells, is acellular, and bridges the gap between what is considered to be living and nonliving?

virus

The common cold, flu, measles, polio, genital warts, and AIDS are human diseases caused by

viruses

The phagocytic cells that prevent an infection due to a pathogen that has penetrated a barrier are what type of cells?

white blood cells