Biology Chapter 1 test

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but they did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Group 4 was directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. Which group is the control group?

Group 1

a scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics?

It provides a reasonable explanation to a question in consistent with current observations; it must also be testable and falsifiable

A tissue is defined as

a group of cells that performs a unique set of tasks in the body

which of the following would be a scientific fact?

bats with white noses have been observed in the wild

Recently, beekeepers have noticed an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hives. Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops genetically engineered to contain the gene for the Bt insecticidal toxin may be killing the bees. Without data from a scientific experiment, is it reasonable to state that Bt-containing crops are responsible for the loss of honeybees?

exposing 100 bees to plants that express the gene for Bt toxin, while another 100 bees of the same species are exposed to normal plants; the survival rate for both sets of bees would be calculated and compared

When scientists generate a single informed, logical, and plausible explination for a question and observations of the natural world, they are proposing scientific

hypothesis

New medications undergo extensive human testing before receiving FDA approval. These tests represent an experiment, and variations in the dosage given to participants represent the

independent variable

hypothesis can be tested through observational studies or experimental studies. Which of the following represents an experimental approach to testing a hypothesis

injecting trees with insecticide to determine whether it protects against certain insect pests

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are held together by chemical bonds to form ___________________ of sugar.

molecules

recently, beekeepers have notices an alarming and sudden disappearance of honeybees from their hive. Some beekeepers and environmentalists worry that crops that are genetically engineered to produce Bt insecticidal toxic may be killing the bees. Without data from a scientific experiment, is it reasonable to state that Bt-containing crops are responsible for the loss of honeybees.

no, because there could be some other unknown or unmentioned factor affecting the survival of honeybees

Scientists are human beings and, like all human beings, are susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence. Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review. The main mechanism for doing this is

peer reviewed publications

Scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations. For example, new tools and techniques have resulted in new observations and the discovery of additional information. Hence, there is no certainty in science, only degrees of probability (likelihood) and potential for change. In light of this understanding, which of the following statements is most meaningful.

scientific knowledge is based on current knowledge

In science, when a hypothesis or group of hypothesis supported by repeated experimental evidence holds true through time, it can be developed into a

scientific theory

which of the following is a scientific theory

specific pathogens are directly responsible for specific diseases and conditions

Once it has been suported by a predictable experiment outcome, a scientific hypothesis

still cannot be considered to have been proven true

a group of researchers conducted an experiment and collected the data that is presented in the following graph. The hypothesis that the fungus is sufficient to cause death is ______________ by the data because all members of the control group ______________ while most of the members of both treatment groups ______________ by the end of the study

supported; survived; died

a scientific hypothesis must be _____________; if not science cannot evaluate it

testable

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into four groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but they did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Group 4 was directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. In this experiment, the independent variable was ______________ and the dependent variable was ______________.

type of exposure to Geomuces destructans; whether the bats became sick with WNS

Some questions fall outside the realm of science. Which of the following questions could NOT be answered using the scientific method

why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals

Is it important for scientists to communicate their results to fellow scientists

yes. the quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by the input, further review, and even repetition by other scientists working in the same field