BIOLOGY Chapter 12

Which of the following statements about ferns is NOT true?

Their seeds are dispersed via the wind.

Angiosperms and gymnosperms differ from each other in that:

angiosperms tend to rely on animal pollinators while gymnosperms tend to rely on wind pollination.

The process illustrated in step 3, above, is called:

double-fertilization.

Which of the following correctly identifies the rank of the major groups of plants, based upon how many species they contain, from most to fewest?

flowering plants; ferns; mosses; conifers

The photosynthetic pigments in angiosperms are likely to be most closely related to those in:

green algae.

Branches are to a tree as _______ are to a __________.

hyphae; fungus

The evolution of seeds corresponded with the evolution of:

pollen.

Which aspect of the angiosperm life cycle and morphology, depicted above, is NOT unique to angiosperms?

seed

The sperm cells in a pollen grain can serve different purposes. Which of the following could NOT happen to a sperm cell in nature?

A sperm cell divides to form a structure that is stored for food.

Which of the following would be the BEST way to determine whether the relationship between the algae and the fungi that constitutes a lichen is a mutualistic or parasitic relationship?

Devise an experiment to determine whether either of the two component species could survive alone; if the alga could survive alone and the fungi couldn't, then this is evidence that the fungi is parasitic on the algae.

Which of the following statements about ferns is FALSE?

E a. Ferns can grow taller than mosses because of their vascular system. b. Sporangia produce haploid cells. c. Gametes are produced by the prothallus. d. The fronds or leaves of ferns have diploid cells. e. None of these statements are false; all are true about ferns.

In terms of their adaptation to living on land, how are reptiles similar to the seed plants?

E c. Seed plants and reptiles have developed structures such as cuticles and impermeable skin in order to minimize desiccation. d. Reptiles and plants have developed structures which house and protect their gametes from the surrounding environment. e. Both c and d are correct.

The phrase "double fertilization" in angiosperms is best described by which of the choices below?

Each pollen grain contains two sperm cells and one leads to the fertilization that produces the embryo and the other leads to the fertilization that produces the endosperm.

Based on the fact that a watermelon contains many seeds, what can be inferred about a normal flower of a watermelon plant?

It contains a large number of ovules.

Mosses and ferns differ in their reproductive strategies from gymnosperms and angiosperms in which of the following ways?

Mosses and ferns rely upon liquid water for fertilization whereas the angiosperms and gymnosperms do not need liquid water for fertilization.

The graph above shows data from research investigating the invasive velvetleaf plant. Researchers evaluated offspring survival of parents grown with and without symbiotic root fungi. What can you conclude from this graph?

Mycorrhizal fungi are beneficial to their hosts.

In the symbiotic relationship that occurs when fungi form lichen, what do the two partners receive from each?

The fungi contribute a protective environment while the algae or cyanobacteria contributes the ability to photosynthesize.

What is the one most obvious difference between the gymnosperms and angiosperms?

The gymnosperms don't form flowers while the angiosperms do.

As the course of evolution has proceeded in plants, what is the overall trend in the relationship of the diploid stage and the haploid stage?

The haploid stage has been reduced in size while the diploid stage has become more prominent.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all fungi share?

The spores of fungi have flagella.