Biology chapter 18
A similar feature that evolved through convergent evolution is called a
Analogous character
Which of the following do biologists not use to classify organisms: homologous structures, derived characters, appearance, analogous structures
Analogous structures
Bird wings and insect wings are
Analogous traits
Similarities that evolved in a common ancestor of two different groups
Ancestral character
Animals have no cell walls, are multicellular and heterotrophic, and are of the ____ cell type
Animalia
Multicellular organisms with no cell walls
Animalia
List the six kingdoms and indicate whether the organisms in each kingdom are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Animalia-E plantae-E Fungi-E Protista-E Eubacteria-p archaebacteria-p
Fungi are more closely related to plants/animals than any other kingdom
Animals
The two kingdoms in which all members are heterotrophs are
Animals and fungi
Scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from some bacteria/archaea
Archaea
Prokaryotes with genetic systems similar to those of eukaryotes
Archaebacteria
The ____ are prokaryotic organisms made of called that have a strong exterior cell wall
Bacteria
The most abundant kind of organism on earth are the
Bacteria
The naming system developed by Linnaeus is called
Binomial nomenclature
Two word system for naming organisms
Binomial nomenclature
One of h characteristics that biologists use to classify organisms into kingdoms is
Cell type
Plant cells have cell walls composed of which of the following
Cellulose
A ___ is a set of groups that are related by descent from a single ancestral lineage
Clade
Which classification system would probably be used first if a scientist discovered five unknown plants
Cladistics, look to see what structures they have in common-cladogram
A _____ is a branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships in group with shared derived characters
Cladogram
In _____ _____ organisms evolve similar features independently often because they live in similar habitats
Convergent evolution
Similar features in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor are the result of
Convergent evolution
Similarities that evolve in organisms that are not closely related to one another
Convergent evolution
Archaea have/do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
Do not have
The most general level of classification is
Domain
The most inclusive classification of organisms
Domain
lists eight classification levels in proper descending order
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Scientific names
Enable biologists to communicate regardless of their native language
Organisms in the kingdom ____ have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls and are prokaryotes
Eubacteria
The kingdom eubacteria/monera is equivalent to the domain bacteria
Eubacteria
Unicellular organisms with strong exterior cell walls
Eubacteria
The only domain that includes multicellular organisms is
Eukaria
Archeans that live in hot springs that exceed 100C are called
Extremophiles
Linnaeus classification system was based on
Form and structure
Organisms in the kingdom ___ are eukaryotic and have cell walls made of chitin
Fungi
An organisms scientific name consists of its
Genus and species
Autotrophs/heterotrophs get nutrients from other organisms
Heterotrophs
All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular
Heterotrophs whose cells lack a cell wall
Biologists use cladograms to
Hypothesize the sequence in which different groups evolved
Analogous characters are derived from
Independent sources
The evolutionary history of a species is called its
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a species is its
Phylogeny
Classes with similar characteristics are grouped into the same
Phylum
The classification level in which classes with similar characteristics are grouped is called a
Phylum
Sponges were once classified as plants but are now classified as
Porifera
Archaebacteria and eubacteria differ in all of the following except
Presence or absence of a nucleus
In the three domain system, two domains have ____ cell structure
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotes with autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
Protista
Monera/Protista is knob as the "leftover" taxon
Protista
Chitin
Rigid material in fungi cell walls
Cellulose
Rigid material in plant cell walls
Convergent evolution leads to
Shared analogous characters
Cladograms determine evolutionary relationships between organisms by examining
Shared derived characters
The characteristics that scientists use in cladistics are
Shared derived characters
One genus can include several
Species
Scientists classify organisms by studying their forms and
Structures
The practice of naming and classifying organisms
Taxonomy
The practice of naming and classifying organisms is called
Taxonomy
The scientific naming system requires all of the following except that
The genus is never abbreviated
Methanogens are found in the mud of swamps/very salty lakes
The mud of swamps
Linnaeus developed a new naming system because
The polynomial systems descriptions were too brief
Although linnaeus used latin polynomial system in his books, he created his own
Two word shorthand system, also in latin
Honeybees as a member of the kingdom Animalia are related to
Wasps, birds, spiders, ect