Biology chapter 18

A similar feature that evolved through convergent evolution is called a

Analogous character

Which of the following do biologists not use to classify organisms: homologous structures, derived characters, appearance, analogous structures

Analogous structures

Bird wings and insect wings are

Analogous traits

Similarities that evolved in a common ancestor of two different groups

Ancestral character

Animals have no cell walls, are multicellular and heterotrophic, and are of the ____ cell type

Animalia

Multicellular organisms with no cell walls

Animalia

List the six kingdoms and indicate whether the organisms in each kingdom are prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Animalia-E plantae-E Fungi-E Protista-E Eubacteria-p archaebacteria-p

Fungi are more closely related to plants/animals than any other kingdom

Animals

The two kingdoms in which all members are heterotrophs are

Animals and fungi

Scientists think that eukaryotes evolved from some bacteria/archaea

Archaea

Prokaryotes with genetic systems similar to those of eukaryotes

Archaebacteria

The ____ are prokaryotic organisms made of called that have a strong exterior cell wall

Bacteria

The most abundant kind of organism on earth are the

Bacteria

The naming system developed by Linnaeus is called

Binomial nomenclature

Two word system for naming organisms

Binomial nomenclature

One of h characteristics that biologists use to classify organisms into kingdoms is

Cell type

Plant cells have cell walls composed of which of the following

Cellulose

A ___ is a set of groups that are related by descent from a single ancestral lineage

Clade

Which classification system would probably be used first if a scientist discovered five unknown plants

Cladistics, look to see what structures they have in common-cladogram

A _____ is a branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships in group with shared derived characters

Cladogram

In _____ _____ organisms evolve similar features independently often because they live in similar habitats

Convergent evolution

Similar features in organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor are the result of

Convergent evolution

Similarities that evolve in organisms that are not closely related to one another

Convergent evolution

Archaea have/do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Do not have

The most general level of classification is

Domain

The most inclusive classification of organisms

Domain

lists eight classification levels in proper descending order

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Scientific names

Enable biologists to communicate regardless of their native language

Organisms in the kingdom ____ have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls and are prokaryotes

Eubacteria

The kingdom eubacteria/monera is equivalent to the domain bacteria

Eubacteria

Unicellular organisms with strong exterior cell walls

Eubacteria

The only domain that includes multicellular organisms is

Eukaria

Archeans that live in hot springs that exceed 100C are called

Extremophiles

Linnaeus classification system was based on

Form and structure

Organisms in the kingdom ___ are eukaryotic and have cell walls made of chitin

Fungi

An organisms scientific name consists of its

Genus and species

Autotrophs/heterotrophs get nutrients from other organisms

Heterotrophs

All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular

Heterotrophs whose cells lack a cell wall

Biologists use cladograms to

Hypothesize the sequence in which different groups evolved

Analogous characters are derived from

Independent sources

The evolutionary history of a species is called its

Phylogeny

The evolutionary history of a species is its

Phylogeny

Classes with similar characteristics are grouped into the same

Phylum

The classification level in which classes with similar characteristics are grouped is called a

Phylum

Sponges were once classified as plants but are now classified as

Porifera

Archaebacteria and eubacteria differ in all of the following except

Presence or absence of a nucleus

In the three domain system, two domains have ____ cell structure

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotes with autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition

Protista

Monera/Protista is knob as the "leftover" taxon

Protista

Chitin

Rigid material in fungi cell walls

Cellulose

Rigid material in plant cell walls

Convergent evolution leads to

Shared analogous characters

Cladograms determine evolutionary relationships between organisms by examining

Shared derived characters

The characteristics that scientists use in cladistics are

Shared derived characters

One genus can include several

Species

Scientists classify organisms by studying their forms and

Structures

The practice of naming and classifying organisms

Taxonomy

The practice of naming and classifying organisms is called

Taxonomy

The scientific naming system requires all of the following except that

The genus is never abbreviated

Methanogens are found in the mud of swamps/very salty lakes

The mud of swamps

Linnaeus developed a new naming system because

The polynomial systems descriptions were too brief

Although linnaeus used latin polynomial system in his books, he created his own

Two word shorthand system, also in latin

Honeybees as a member of the kingdom Animalia are related to

Wasps, birds, spiders, ect