Biology chapter 3
surface tension
(sit on surface of water) -due to cohesive property *a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
Emergent properties of water
-cohesive behavior (ability to be attracted to one another) -temperature moderation -expansion when freezing (transition states) -versatility as a solvent
temperature moderation
-heat -temperature -specific heat
expansion when freezing
-liquid to solid -in ice form, hydrogen bonds crystalize/rigid (less dense) -water form has more movement allows ice to load on a liquid
water
-polar -partial positive -partial negative -ionic compound dissolves -polar covalent compounds dissolve -large molecules dissolve w/ polar surfaces
what is so special about water
-solid, liquid, gas (3 states at earth temps) -makes up 3/4 of the earth -makes up 80% of your bodies cells
specific heat of water
-takes more energy to raise specific heat of water -higher than others substances. -water will change its temp less when it absorbs or loses a given amount of heat(energy)
temperature
a measure of heat intensity
heat
a measure of total kinetic energy
acid
a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
buffer
a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution
base
a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
specific heat
amount of heat (energy) that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1 degree celsius
why is water cohesive and adhesive?
because of its polarity covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding
adhesion
clinging together of "different" substances
cohesion
clinging together of "like" molecules (water to water)
hydrophobic
hates water doesn't dissolve in water
solution
homogeneous (equal) mixture of 2+ substances
cohesiveness of water is due to...
hydrogen bonding
versatility as a solvent
hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
ice cubes ___ a drink by ____ the heat from the liquid as it melts. The ice is ___ ____ ______
ice cubes cool a drink by absorbing the heat from the liquid as it melts. The ice is not adding coolness
when ice melts, ice is ___ and ____ heat
ice is less dense and absorbs heat
when water freezes, ice is ____ dense and ____ heat
ice is less dense and lets out heat
Ice is ___ dense than liquid
ice is less dense than liquid
hydrophilic
loves water likes to dissolve in water
ph
negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration
heat of vaporization
quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gases state *liquid to gas
hydrogen ion (H+)
single proton with a charge of 1+
waters effect on climate
the cool ocean reduces costal air temps by absorbing heat
when you put an iron pot on the stove to heat, what happens
the pot will get hot first because water has a higher specific heat than iron
water transport in plants
water conducting cells uses cohesion to bring water up trunk and adhesion to stick to the sides so it doesn't fall back down
evaporative cooling
water leaving the surface has the highest energy, therefore the molecules left behind are going to be cooler ex: when sweat evaporates off skin, you feel cooler
hydroxide ion (OH-)
water molecule that lost a proton with charge of 1-
aqueous solution
water=solvent
hydration shell
waters 8+ attracted to Cl- to dissolve it (form around Cl-)
solute
what's being dissolved
solvent
whats doing the dissolving