Biology chapter 3

surface tension

(sit on surface of water) -due to cohesive property *a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Emergent properties of water

-cohesive behavior (ability to be attracted to one another) -temperature moderation -expansion when freezing (transition states) -versatility as a solvent

temperature moderation

-heat -temperature -specific heat

expansion when freezing

-liquid to solid -in ice form, hydrogen bonds crystalize/rigid (less dense) -water form has more movement allows ice to load on a liquid

water

-polar -partial positive -partial negative -ionic compound dissolves -polar covalent compounds dissolve -large molecules dissolve w/ polar surfaces

what is so special about water

-solid, liquid, gas (3 states at earth temps) -makes up 3/4 of the earth -makes up 80% of your bodies cells

specific heat of water

-takes more energy to raise specific heat of water -higher than others substances. -water will change its temp less when it absorbs or loses a given amount of heat(energy)

temperature

a measure of heat intensity

heat

a measure of total kinetic energy

acid

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

buffer

a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution

base

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

specific heat

amount of heat (energy) that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1 degree celsius

why is water cohesive and adhesive?

because of its polarity covalent bonds and hydrogen bonding

adhesion

clinging together of "different" substances

cohesion

clinging together of "like" molecules (water to water)

hydrophobic

hates water doesn't dissolve in water

solution

homogeneous (equal) mixture of 2+ substances

cohesiveness of water is due to...

hydrogen bonding

versatility as a solvent

hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic

ice cubes ___ a drink by ____ the heat from the liquid as it melts. The ice is ___ ____ ______

ice cubes cool a drink by absorbing the heat from the liquid as it melts. The ice is not adding coolness

when ice melts, ice is ___ and ____ heat

ice is less dense and absorbs heat

when water freezes, ice is ____ dense and ____ heat

ice is less dense and lets out heat

Ice is ___ dense than liquid

ice is less dense than liquid

hydrophilic

loves water likes to dissolve in water

ph

negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration

heat of vaporization

quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for one gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gases state *liquid to gas

hydrogen ion (H+)

single proton with a charge of 1+

waters effect on climate

the cool ocean reduces costal air temps by absorbing heat

when you put an iron pot on the stove to heat, what happens

the pot will get hot first because water has a higher specific heat than iron

water transport in plants

water conducting cells uses cohesion to bring water up trunk and adhesion to stick to the sides so it doesn't fall back down

evaporative cooling

water leaving the surface has the highest energy, therefore the molecules left behind are going to be cooler ex: when sweat evaporates off skin, you feel cooler

hydroxide ion (OH-)

water molecule that lost a proton with charge of 1-

aqueous solution

water=solvent

hydration shell

waters 8+ attracted to Cl- to dissolve it (form around Cl-)

solute

what's being dissolved

solvent

whats doing the dissolving