Biology Chapter 4

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burns fuel/sugars, converting chemical energy to usable energy

mitochondrion

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?

rough er, transport vesicles, golgi apparatus, cell membrane

purpose of the smooth Er

storage of product from the rough er, produces steroids

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of

ATP synthesis decreases

the chromatin is compose of

DNA and protein

purpose of the nucleus

DNA storage (blue prints)

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap (communicating) junctions

Er purpose

Ribosomes: people assemblers, rough Er conveyer belt

which organelle preforms cellular respiration?

mitochondria

plant cells have two energy related organelles

mitochondria, chloroplasts

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

anchoring junctions

prokaryots types

bacteria, archea, no membrane bound organelles

membranes mostly consist of

bilayer

where the cells connect on the surface of animal cells

cell junctions

function of mitochondrian

cellular respiration

plant cell walls are made of and prevent them from ...

cellulose, intaking too much water

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

central dogma of molec bio

dna->rna->ribosomes->proteins

which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?

endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

proteins and pollysaccharaids that help hold the cell together in the place of a cell wall in animal cell

extra cellular matrix

smooth er synthesizes...

lipids

light micrograph is for viewing....cells how does it work? How detailed?

live specimen, light passes through specimen on slide, lenses magnify image, not very detailed

scanning electron micrograph is for....organisms....can see?

living, 3D and surface

lysosomes breaks down

macromolecules using digestive enzymes

Peroxisomes assist in which process?

metabolic

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

what is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?

nuclear envelope

ribosomes are manufactured by the____

nucleus

which kind of cells have cell walls?

plants and prokaryotic

plant cells are usually joined by

plasmodesmata

eukaryotic

protists, animals, plants, fungi

what do prokaryotic cells have?

ribosomes, cell wall cell membrane

golgi apparatus stores and modifies products of the

rough ER

membrane proteins grow from

the ribosomes of the rough ER

the stoma is...

thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?

tight junctions

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the_____

transferring of information from DNA to mRNA

As cell size increases, the

volume increases faster than the surface area.

purpose of the ribosomes

work with mRNA to synthesize proteins


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