Biology Chapter 4
burns fuel/sugars, converting chemical energy to usable energy
mitochondrion
Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell?
rough er, transport vesicles, golgi apparatus, cell membrane
purpose of the smooth Er
storage of product from the rough er, produces steroids
Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of
ATP synthesis decreases
the chromatin is compose of
DNA and protein
purpose of the nucleus
DNA storage (blue prints)
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.
Gap (communicating) junctions
Er purpose
Ribosomes: people assemblers, rough Er conveyer belt
which organelle preforms cellular respiration?
mitochondria
plant cells have two energy related organelles
mitochondria, chloroplasts
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.
anchoring junctions
prokaryots types
bacteria, archea, no membrane bound organelles
membranes mostly consist of
bilayer
where the cells connect on the surface of animal cells
cell junctions
function of mitochondrian
cellular respiration
plant cell walls are made of and prevent them from ...
cellulose, intaking too much water
What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not?
chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
central dogma of molec bio
dna->rna->ribosomes->proteins
which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell?
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes
The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down.
endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome
proteins and pollysaccharaids that help hold the cell together in the place of a cell wall in animal cell
extra cellular matrix
smooth er synthesizes...
lipids
light micrograph is for viewing....cells how does it work? How detailed?
live specimen, light passes through specimen on slide, lenses magnify image, not very detailed
scanning electron micrograph is for....organisms....can see?
living, 3D and surface
lysosomes breaks down
macromolecules using digestive enzymes
Peroxisomes assist in which process?
metabolic
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
what is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
nuclear envelope
ribosomes are manufactured by the____
nucleus
which kind of cells have cell walls?
plants and prokaryotic
plant cells are usually joined by
plasmodesmata
eukaryotic
protists, animals, plants, fungi
what do prokaryotic cells have?
ribosomes, cell wall cell membrane
golgi apparatus stores and modifies products of the
rough ER
membrane proteins grow from
the ribosomes of the rough ER
the stoma is...
thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials?
tight junctions
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the_____
transferring of information from DNA to mRNA
As cell size increases, the
volume increases faster than the surface area.
purpose of the ribosomes
work with mRNA to synthesize proteins
