Biology: Chapter 4 (A Tour of the Cell)
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?
microtubules
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?
lysosome
Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins.
Ribosome
What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?
cell wall
Makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy:
chloroplast.
The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called
chromatin.
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
amino acids
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.
chromatin
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.
metabolically active Submit
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.
microtubules
It is believed that meldonium works on which of the following?
mitochondria
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell:
mitochondrion.
In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?
ribosomes
1 meter = _____ centimeters.
100
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?
The Golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER.
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
transcription
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
As cell size increases, the
volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.
Fimbriae
Site of lipid synthesis.
Smooth ER
The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
Where is calcium stored?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The Golgi apparatus
stores, modifies, and packages proteins.
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.
Basal bodies
Modifies and packages proteins:
Golgi apparatus.
Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes.
Lysosome
Which of these provides the cell with structural support?
Microfilaments are a component of the cytoskeleton.
Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell.
Mitochondrion
Stores the genetic information of the cell
Nucleus
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
Why would a professional athlete be interested in using meldonium?
To enhance endurance.
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.
Which is a typical function of lysosomes?
breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria Submit
Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds:
central vacuole.
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
mRNA
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.
nucleolus
Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?
nucleotide region
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?
peroxisome
Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils:
plant cell wall.
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.
plasma membrane
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
presence of a cell wall
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?
protection
Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
