Biology: Chapter 4 (A Tour of the Cell)

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Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell?

microtubules

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Ribosome

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?

cell wall

Makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy:

chloroplast.

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

chromatin.

Polypeptides are assembled from _____.

amino acids

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein.

chromatin

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active Submit

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____.

microtubules

It is believed that meldonium works on which of the following?

mitochondria

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell:

mitochondrion.

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?

ribosomes

1 meter = _____ centimeters.

100

Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER.

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

transcription

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?

translation

As cell size increases, the

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.

Fimbriae

Site of lipid synthesis.

Smooth ER

The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Where is calcium stored?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The Golgi apparatus

stores, modifies, and packages proteins.

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles.

Basal bodies

Modifies and packages proteins:

Golgi apparatus.

Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes.

Lysosome

Which of these provides the cell with structural support?

Microfilaments are a component of the cytoskeleton.

Converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell.

Mitochondrion

Stores the genetic information of the cell

Nucleus

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?

RNA processing

Why would a professional athlete be interested in using meldonium?

To enhance endurance.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria Submit

Regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds:

central vacuole.

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.

mRNA

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____.

nucleolus

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?

nucleotide region

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product?

peroxisome

Strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils:

plant cell wall.

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell.

plasma membrane

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.

plasma membrane

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule?

protection

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane?

rough endoplasmic reticulum


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