Biology chapter 5 mastering practice

If a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II?

12

Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

1:2:1

How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?

23

If a human diploid cell and a human haploid cell somehow managed to fuse together and not lose any of the chromosomes, how many sets of chromosomes would be inside the newly formed cell?

3

Assuming complete dominance, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes?

3:1

How many chromosomes would be found in the karyotype of a Down syndrome female?

47

How many chromosomes would a typical human cell have after mitosis but before cytokinesis?

92

Human white blood cells are often multinucleated (in other words, have more than one nucleus). How many chromosomes would be present in a white blood cell with two nuclei?

92

What is the chromosome abnormality that causes Down syndrome?

A nondisjunction results in a person with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

What causes the furrow during cleavage?

A ring of contractile protein fibers pinches the cell in two.

A homozygous milk chocolate Easter bunny is crossed with a homozygous dark chocolate Easter bunny. Assuming dark chocolate is dominant over milk chocolate and the traits segregate according to Mendelian genetics, which traits will the offspring express?

All dark

Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction

All of the processes above generate genetic variation

When does the cell plate form during cell division?

At the completion of plant cell mitosis

Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?

Both of these

How does cytokinesis occur in a dividing animal cell?

By the formation of a cleavage furrow.

A breeder wants to set up a program to produce zebrafish with long fins. Having long fins is a dominant trait compared to the short fin wild type. Before she can market her zebrafish, she needs to perform a test cross on the long-finned fish she plans to use as a breeder. How can she tell whether her fish are homozygous or heterozygous for the long-finned trait?

Do several test crosses between the long-finned fish and the short-finned fish; if the offspring are always long finned, the long-finned parent is probably homozygous.

How could an embryonic stem cell be used to repair a severed spine?

Embryonic stem cells can grow into any other cell type, including a nerve cell.

What type of cells do not undergo mitosis?

Gametes

Gorillas have 48 chromosomes. How does the number of chromosomes in a gorilla sperm compare with that of a human sperm

Gorilla sperm have one more chromosome than human sperm.

What is Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Independent assortment means that each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles

When I say a flower is "purple," what have I described?

Its phenotype

What is the name of the syndrome that produces the XXY combination of sex chromosomes?

Klinefelter syndrome

In a human, which of the following could be identified by the use of a karyotype

Klinefelter syndrome, where a male has two X and one Y chromosomes

Is an individual with the XXY combination of chromosomes anatomically male or female?

Male

What produces four daughter cells?

Meiosis

When does crossing over occur?

Meiosis I

A zygote (i.e., a fertilized egg) undergoes development to grow. What mechanism is used to generate more cells?

Mitosis

Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, chromosomes split, nuclear membrane forms

Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrum) of varying phenotypes?

Polygenic inheritance

What are attached at the centromere

Sister chromatids

What specifically separates during meiosis II?

Sister chromatids

What specifically separates during mitosis?

Sister chromatids

The inheritance pattern for red-green color blindness is different for males compared to females. Red-green color blindness is much more common in males than in females. What does this suggest about the gene for red-green color blindness

The gene for this trait is located on the X chromosome.

What is different between two alleles of the same gene

The information they carry. For example, one allele might carry the information for blue eye pigment, while the other carries the information for brown eye pigment.

Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.

The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.

What is cytokinesis?

The stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

When are the chromosomes of a cell duplicated?

before a cell divides

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a

chromatin

What do we call a genetic cross that follows two separate characters, such as pea seed color and pea seed shape

dihybrid cross

Somatic cells are ________.

diploid (2n)

If your grandparents were in the F1 generation, what generation are you in?

f3

Guar are increasingly rare wild oxen found in Asia. How would you clone this animal?

fuse a guar cell nucleus with an egg cell from a domestic cow that has had its nucleus removed

If a woman with curly hair and a man with straight hair have a child with wavy hair, the gene for this characteristic of hair shows

incomplete dominance

Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of

mitosis

What process involving cell division results in daughter cells that are NOT identical to the parent cell?

sexual reproduction

As mitosis begins, __________ are linked together at the centromere.

sister chromatids

When one cell goes through cell division, it produces

two identical cells

If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are

typically on the X chromosome

Would a human clone have a bellybutton?

yes

Upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n)

zygote