Biology Chapter 6

The end products of the citric acid cycle include all of the following except -CO2. -pyruvate. -FADH2. -ATP.

pyruvate

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

2

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2 NADH

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

During chemiosmosis,

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase.

Imagine an organism with mutations in complexes I, III, and IV that prevent pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space but still allow electrons to pass through the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of these mutations?

ATP synthase will not convert ADP to ATP

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy.

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

A molecule is oxidized when it __________.

loses an electron

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ______

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

Lungs are to breathing as _____ are to cellular respiration.

mitochondria

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the

mitochondrial matrix and inner mitochondrial membrane.

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____.

oxidative phosphorylation

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is

oxygen

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____.

oxygen

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain.

10

Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain? -Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step. -Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. -Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2. -Hydrogens are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound.

Electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

The end products of glycolysis include

NADH

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____.

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

What is the most immediate source of energy for making most of the ATP in your cells?

The movement of H+ across a membrane down its concentration gradient.

What is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle (also called the Krebs cycle)?

acetyl CoA

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is

dehydrogenase.

What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate?

glycolysis

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?

in the cytoplasmic fluid

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____.

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Sunlight is essential for the varied life on Earth. Sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing ________

the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds in H2O and CO2

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?

the mitochondrion

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

two