Biology Chapter 8
An organism has a haploid chromosome number n=4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis?
4
A human somatic cell contains (23, 46, 92) chromosomes
46
A human bone marrow cell in prophase of mitosis contains 46 chromosomes. There are ____ chromatids.
92
If a human cell underwent mitosis but not cytokinesism there would be _____ chromsomes in the cell
92
(Before/ After) a cell can divide, it must first duplicate the chromosomes stored in the nucleus.
Before
Duplication of the chromosomes to produce sister chromatids occurs in (mitosis, meiosis, or both)
Both
The correct order of events during meiosis is
Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, teophase 1, cytokinesis, meiosis II
During meiosis, segments of non-sister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic materials is a key feature of meiosis. During which phase of meiosis does recombination occur?
Prophase I
The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?
Prophase- centrosomes move toward opposite poles and the nuclear envelope breaks up.
Meiosis produces gametes produced in (asexual/ sexual reproduction)
Sexual reproduction
Mitosis produces _____cells
Somatic
The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes from which phase of mitosis?
Telophase- the final stage of mitosis
Mitosis follows which phase where cells DNA is duplicated.
The S phase
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
The chromosomes must be duplicated during interphase
Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _______ only occurs in meiosis
crossing-over
Cytoskeleton B is a chemical that disrupts micro-filament formation. This chemical would interfere with ______________
formation of a cleavage furrow
Mitosis is the type of cell division that generates new cells for _____and repair
growth
Asexual reproduction produces offspring the is genetically (different, identical ) to the parent
identical
A cell replicates its entire chromosome DNA only before ______
its about to divide
Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing division, you see that the condensed chromosomes have lined up along the mid-line of the cell. The homologous pairs are (joined/ not joined) in tetrads. This is the _____phase of mitosis
metaphase
During binary fission, one copy of the duplicating chromosome moves to the opposite end of the cell to ensure that each daughter cell receives how many copies of the chromosome?
one
Crossing-over is ____
the exchange of homologous portions of non-sister chromatids
Benign tumors differ from malignant tumors in that the cells of a benign tumor (remain confined/ move from) their original site
remain confined
The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during the _____stage.
Anaphase
Mitosis can result in growth and development; and (asexual/ sexual) reproduction in bacteria called binary fission
Asexual
In the nucleus, genetic info is stored in ___________
Chromosomes
Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces _____haploid cells
Four
Immune system cells enter a resting phase after undergoing mitosis. When activated by an infection for example, they can reenter the sequence of events in the cell cycle that leads to cell division. The correct sequence would be ______ (Put in order:G,G2, M,S )
G,S, G2, M
Meiosis occurs in ____
Gonads
The consequence of the cells going under cytokinesis in mitosis repeatedly would be ______.
Large cells containing many nuclei---multinucleated.
If it weren't for (mitosis/meiosis), the chromosome number would double with every generation of sexual reproduction
Meiosis
Interphase I > Prophase I > Metphase I > Anaphase I/ Telaphase I / Cytokinesis > Meiosis II is (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
Where are gametes (eggs and sperm) produced?
Meiosis
The chromosomes line up in the center during which stage of mitosis?
Metaphase
At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _______.
Cytokinesis- is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs in conjunction with telophase, the last phase in mitosis
Sister chromatids are_____ wrapped around smalled proteins called histones-coiled into helical fiber
DNA
Meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment which results in _______
Genetic variation
Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction can produce _________
Great variation among the offspring
Fertilization joins (haploid/diploid) gametes to produce a diploid zygote.
Haploid
Meiosis- The sexual life cycle of a diploid organisms involves meiosis to form (haploid/ diploid) organism which joins in fertilization to form a diploid which forms a ______
Haploid, zygote
Most of a person's cells are ______(diploids/ haploids) and there are two sets- mom& dad's
Haploids
Diploid organisms in meisosis have _____(homo/heterologous) pairs of chromosomes including maternal and paternal chromosomes
Homologous
The paternal chromosomes are called ________
Homologous chromosomes
A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during _______
Interphase
During which phase of meiosis are chromosomes duplicated?
Interphase
A fragment of chromosome 21 reattaches to chromosome 21 but in the reverse direction. This is called _______
Inversion
In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo (mitosis/ meiosis) repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis.
Mitosis
Interphase>Prophase>Metaphase>Anaphase/Telaphase& cytokinesis is (Mitosis/ Meiosis)
Mitosis
There are 2 types of cell division: ____, ______
Mitosis, meiosis
When comparing mitosis and meiosis, mitosis occurs in somatic/ body cells while meiosis occurs in germ cells in a male's testes or a woman's _______.
Ovaries
During ______ 1 of meiosis, homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.
Prophase
Prophase or Metaphase: outside nucleus & forms mitotic spindles
Prophase
Mitosis in chronological order in ________
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (P, Pmet, M, A, T)
