Biology Chapter 8

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An organism has a haploid chromosome number n=4. How many tetrads will form during meiosis?

4

A human somatic cell contains (23, 46, 92) chromosomes

46

A human bone marrow cell in prophase of mitosis contains 46 chromosomes. There are ____ chromatids.

92

If a human cell underwent mitosis but not cytokinesism there would be _____ chromsomes in the cell

92

(Before/ After) a cell can divide, it must first duplicate the chromosomes stored in the nucleus.

Before

Duplication of the chromosomes to produce sister chromatids occurs in (mitosis, meiosis, or both)

Both

The correct order of events during meiosis is

Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, teophase 1, cytokinesis, meiosis II

During meiosis, segments of non-sister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic materials is a key feature of meiosis. During which phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

Prophase I

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

Prophase- centrosomes move toward opposite poles and the nuclear envelope breaks up.

Meiosis produces gametes produced in (asexual/ sexual reproduction)

Sexual reproduction

Mitosis produces _____cells

Somatic

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes from which phase of mitosis?

Telophase- the final stage of mitosis

Mitosis follows which phase where cells DNA is duplicated.

The S phase

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated during interphase

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _______ only occurs in meiosis

crossing-over

Cytoskeleton B is a chemical that disrupts micro-filament formation. This chemical would interfere with ______________

formation of a cleavage furrow

Mitosis is the type of cell division that generates new cells for _____and repair

growth

Asexual reproduction produces offspring the is genetically (different, identical ) to the parent

identical

A cell replicates its entire chromosome DNA only before ______

its about to divide

Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing division, you see that the condensed chromosomes have lined up along the mid-line of the cell. The homologous pairs are (joined/ not joined) in tetrads. This is the _____phase of mitosis

metaphase

During binary fission, one copy of the duplicating chromosome moves to the opposite end of the cell to ensure that each daughter cell receives how many copies of the chromosome?

one

Crossing-over is ____

the exchange of homologous portions of non-sister chromatids

Benign tumors differ from malignant tumors in that the cells of a benign tumor (remain confined/ move from) their original site

remain confined

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during the _____stage.

Anaphase

Mitosis can result in growth and development; and (asexual/ sexual) reproduction in bacteria called binary fission

Asexual

In the nucleus, genetic info is stored in ___________

Chromosomes

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces _____haploid cells

Four

Immune system cells enter a resting phase after undergoing mitosis. When activated by an infection for example, they can reenter the sequence of events in the cell cycle that leads to cell division. The correct sequence would be ______ (Put in order:G,G2, M,S )

G,S, G2, M

Meiosis occurs in ____

Gonads

The consequence of the cells going under cytokinesis in mitosis repeatedly would be ______.

Large cells containing many nuclei---multinucleated.

If it weren't for (mitosis/meiosis), the chromosome number would double with every generation of sexual reproduction

Meiosis

Interphase I > Prophase I > Metphase I > Anaphase I/ Telaphase I / Cytokinesis > Meiosis II is (Mitosis or Meiosis)

Meiosis

Where are gametes (eggs and sperm) produced?

Meiosis

The chromosomes line up in the center during which stage of mitosis?

Metaphase

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _______.

Cytokinesis- is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs in conjunction with telophase, the last phase in mitosis

Sister chromatids are_____ wrapped around smalled proteins called histones-coiled into helical fiber

DNA

Meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment which results in _______

Genetic variation

Asexual and sexual reproduction differ in that sexual reproduction can produce _________

Great variation among the offspring

Fertilization joins (haploid/diploid) gametes to produce a diploid zygote.

Haploid

Meiosis- The sexual life cycle of a diploid organisms involves meiosis to form (haploid/ diploid) organism which joins in fertilization to form a diploid which forms a ______

Haploid, zygote

Most of a person's cells are ______(diploids/ haploids) and there are two sets- mom& dad's

Haploids

Diploid organisms in meisosis have _____(homo/heterologous) pairs of chromosomes including maternal and paternal chromosomes

Homologous

The paternal chromosomes are called ________

Homologous chromosomes

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during _______

Interphase

During which phase of meiosis are chromosomes duplicated?

Interphase

A fragment of chromosome 21 reattaches to chromosome 21 but in the reverse direction. This is called _______

Inversion

In some organisms such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo (mitosis/ meiosis) repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis.

Mitosis

Interphase>Prophase>Metaphase>Anaphase/Telaphase& cytokinesis is (Mitosis/ Meiosis)

Mitosis

There are 2 types of cell division: ____, ______

Mitosis, meiosis

When comparing mitosis and meiosis, mitosis occurs in somatic/ body cells while meiosis occurs in germ cells in a male's testes or a woman's _______.

Ovaries

During ______ 1 of meiosis, homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

Prophase

Prophase or Metaphase: outside nucleus & forms mitotic spindles

Prophase

Mitosis in chronological order in ________

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (P, Pmet, M, A, T)


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