Biology Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Quiz Study Guide
What are 3 traits that all enzymes share?
1. Have active sites 2. Have specific shapes 3. They are Recycled
Complementary Shapes
2 shapes that fit together like puzzle pieces
What is the optimum pH for the action of intestinal protease?
8
The bond labeled 5, formed between two amino acids, is known as
A Peptide Bond
Structure X most likely represents
A Receptor Molecule
Chemical Reaction
A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another
Experiments revealed the following information about a certain molecule: — It can be broken down into amino acids. — It can break down proteins into amino acids. — It is found in high concentrations in the small intestine of humans. This molecule is most likely
An Enzyme
The substance labeled "Catalyst" is also known as
An Enzyme
The hormone adrenaline can only affect cells with
Appropriately shaped receptors
What's the relationship between catalysts and activation energy?
Catalysts are enzymes that lower activation energy (it takes less energy to start a chemical reaction when you use a catalyst).
How does the lock and key theory relate to enzymes and substrates?
Certain molecules will fit into others to cause a reaction to take place Receptor- the lock Substrate- the key (usually a chemical or hormone) If the substrate is not shaped correctly it will not work in the receptor
Explain competitive and noncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive Inhibition: Interferes with active sight of enzyme so substrate cannot bind Noncompetitive Inhibition: Changes shape of enzyme so it cannot bind to substrate
Single-celled organisms are able to maintain internal stability because they
Contain structures that perform life functions
The contents of the small intestine have a basic pH. When gastric protease enters the small intestine, the activity of this enzyme will most likely
Decrease only
The failure of the human body to effectively maintain dynamic equilibrium can result in
Disease
What's the flow of energy when creating or destroying chemical bonds?
Energy is released when chemical bonds are broken Energy is absorbed when chemical bonds are formed Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy
How is enzyme function affected by pH?
Enzymes work best (optimal) at a certain pH The enzymes in your stomach work best in an acidic (ACID) environment Others work best in a basic (alkaline) environment
How is enzyme function affected by temperature?
Enzymes work best (optimal) at certain temperatures Your enzymes work best at a temperature around 98. 6 degrees F
Which statement best describes enzymes?
Every enzyme controls many different reactions
An enzyme-substrate complex is represented by
Figure B
Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
Graph 2
Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?
Graph A
Organisms undergo constant chemical changes as they maintain an internal balance known as
Homeostasis
How can an enzyme be denatured?
If the temperature gets too hot it will denature the enzyme Denature= changing it's shape Changing the shape will change it's job It will not work
Adding a catalyst to a chemical reaction will
Lower the activation energy needed
The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its
Physical Shape
How do organelles help maintain homeostasis in a cell?
Plants and animal cells use organelles to regulate life processes by regulating what goes in and out of the cell Keeps bad out (CO2), lets in the good (O2)
What are sources of energy for plants and animals?
Plants get their energy from trapping and storing the energy from sunlight Animals get their energy from consuming other plants and animals
All enzymes are examples of organic molecules known as
Proteins
In order for the human body to maintain homeostasis, the breakdown of glucose to release energy must be followed by the
Removal of wastes
A drug is developed that, due to its molecular shape, blocks the action of substance A. Which shape would the drug molecule most likely resemble?
Shape B
What occurs during the digestion of proteins?
Specific enzymes break down proteins into amino acids
Which statement is a valid conclusion based on the information in the graph?
Temperature can influence the action of an enzyme
Activation Energy
The energy needed to get the reaction started
Which factor most likely accounts for the change in the rate of enzyme action as the temperature increases from 40 degrees Celsius to 58 degrees Celsius?
The high temperature causes the shape of the enzyme to be altered
Which condition is necessary for enzymes and hormones to function properly in the human body?
These chemicals must have a specific shape
What's the function of enzymes in the body?
They are proteins that act as little chemical helpers that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
Homeostasis
Uses dynamic equilibrium to maintain balance Living things respond to changes in the environment
Products
What you end with Examples are Oxygen and Sugar
Reactants
What you start with Examples are Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Sunlight Energy
The graph illustrates that enzymes 1, 2, and 3
Work best at different pH levels