Biology chp 18 Plants and Fungi

Approximately, how many species of angiosperms have been identified?

270,000

Some mushrooms, such as ______ are poisonous and can cause death by kidney and liver failure within weeks.

Amanita phalloides

Megaphylls are found in which of the following groups of land plants?

Angiosperms Gymnosperms Ferns

Which of these have no vascular tissues and are usually found in moist locations?

Bryophytes Mosses Liverworts

These organisms differ from plants and animals in many other ways, and current _____ evidence suggests that they may be the descendants of flagellated protists.

DNA

Which feature makes lycophytes different than the bryophytes?

Lycophytes have a vascular system.

Which of the following are considered vascular tissue?

Phloem Xylem

Which of the following is NOT an example of the ecological benefits of plants?

They cause diseases in some animals.

Capsaicin is

a chemical defense produced by peppers.

All plants have both a haploid and a diploid form. As the plant changes from one form to another, this is called:

an alternation of generations

The ______ are the group of flowering land plants.

angiosperms

Fungi are important because they help provide medicines including __________, such as _________.

antibiotics, penicillin

Thrush, caused by _______, affects humans, especially ______, and is characterized by white patches on the tongue.

candidiasis, newborns

With regard to nutrition, fungi differ from plants in that they are _____.

chemoheterotrophs

Fungi lack ______ and cannot undergo photosynthesis to make their own food.

chloroplasts

The waxy layer on the surface of a plant leaf is called the _____.

cuticle

Instead, they must secrete __________ enzymes and _______ nutrients from their immediate environment.

digestive, absorb

Fungi are ___________ organisms, and many serve as decomposers in the environment.

eukaryotic

Fungi are also important as sources of ________, providing texture and taste.

food

________ are chemoheterotrophic organisms that are neither plants nor animals.

fungi

Hyphae compose the body of a _____.

fungus

When a _______ attempts to break down a pepper plant that is alive, the plant produces capsaicin to deter it.

fungus

It is the _____ which represents the haploid (n) generation in plants.

gametophyte

Plants with seeds in cones are called

gymnosperms

The ______ are woody seed plants, including conifers, in which seeds usually develop in cones.

gymnosperms

A single thin filament of cells found in mushrooms is called a _____.

hypha

Select the organisms on which microsporidians are parasitic.

insects humans fish

The cell walls of land plants are hardened because of the chemical called ______.

lignin

The substance that hardens the cell walls of xylem is called ______.

lignin

Also called club mosses _______ were among the first vascular plants to evolve on land.

lycophytes

Seedless vascular plants include which of the following?

lycophytes ferns

All of the following are ways that microphylls differ from megaphylls except

megaphylls have vascular tissue, while microphylls do not.

Single-celled fungal parasites of animal cells, most often seen in insects but also found in vertebrates are

microsporidians

The antibiotic penicillin was originally extracted from a ______.

mold

Fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria form a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit from the association. This type of symbiosis is called ______.

mutualistic

Animal fungal diseases are known as _______ and have three levels of infection: (1) cutaneous affect the _______, (2) subcutaneous affect _______, and (3) systemic affect the _______.

mycoses, epidermis, deeper skin layers, entire body

Bryophytes, which include mosses and liverworts, are examples of ______ plants.

nonvascular

Select the parts of a flower from the list below.

ovules petals anther carpel sepals

Organic nutrients are transported by the ______ in vascular plants.

phloem

The vascular tissue in plants that conducts organic nutrients from one part of the plant to another is the _______.

phloem

Select characteristics of plants from the choices below.

photosynthetic eukaryotic multicellular

All of the following are characteristics of ______ that make them ecologically important to Earth: They are important in the water and carbon cycles. Some can clean up toxic waste areas and they provide an aesthetic value.

plants

Organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic are ______.

plants

In recent years there has been a decline in the ______ of plants because of the use of pesticides and other reasons.

pollinators

Identify the benefit that green algae provides to the fungi in a lichen.

provides organic molecules

Select the fungal pathogens of plants from the examples below.

rice blast disease black stem rust corn smut

Black stem ______ affects wheat plants, causing a decrease in crop production.

rust

Most fungi are _______ that decompose the remains of plants, animals, and microbes in the soil and they play an indispensable role in the environment by returning ________ nutrients to the soil.

saprotrophs, inorganic

The four major parts of a flower are the stamens, carpel, petals, and _____-.

sepals

Which structure is carried in the pollen?

sperm

The alternation of generations life cycle of plants involves a multicellular diploid stage called a ________ and a multicellular haploid stage called a ________.

sporophyte, gametophyte

Which structure in the cuticle helps control water loss from the leaf?

stomata

During pollination, pollen is transferred to the vicinity of what structure?

the egg

True or false: Fungal pathogens lead to serious crop losses each year in the United States.

true

True or false: Many flowering plants will go extinct without their pollinators to aid in reproduction.

true

True or false: The original source of penicillin was a type of mold.

true

Yeast is a(n) __________ fungus that is used in the process of making _______, beer, wine, and alcoholic spirits.

unicellular, bread

Plants that can move nutrients and water throughout their bodies are called ______ plants.

vascular

The group of plants that have an internal transport system are called the ________ plants.

vascular

The plant tissue that consists of phloem and xylem is called ______ tissue.

vascular

Club mosses (lycophytes) and ferns are considered seedless vascular plants because they produce ________.

windblown spores

Plants transport water through which tissue type?

xylem

The vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals up from the roots is called the _____.

xylem