Biology chp 18 Plants and Fungi
Approximately, how many species of angiosperms have been identified?
270,000
Some mushrooms, such as ______ are poisonous and can cause death by kidney and liver failure within weeks.
Amanita phalloides
Megaphylls are found in which of the following groups of land plants?
Angiosperms Gymnosperms Ferns
Which of these have no vascular tissues and are usually found in moist locations?
Bryophytes Mosses Liverworts
These organisms differ from plants and animals in many other ways, and current _____ evidence suggests that they may be the descendants of flagellated protists.
DNA
Which feature makes lycophytes different than the bryophytes?
Lycophytes have a vascular system.
Which of the following are considered vascular tissue?
Phloem Xylem
Which of the following is NOT an example of the ecological benefits of plants?
They cause diseases in some animals.
Capsaicin is
a chemical defense produced by peppers.
All plants have both a haploid and a diploid form. As the plant changes from one form to another, this is called:
an alternation of generations
The ______ are the group of flowering land plants.
angiosperms
Fungi are important because they help provide medicines including __________, such as _________.
antibiotics, penicillin
Thrush, caused by _______, affects humans, especially ______, and is characterized by white patches on the tongue.
candidiasis, newborns
With regard to nutrition, fungi differ from plants in that they are _____.
chemoheterotrophs
Fungi lack ______ and cannot undergo photosynthesis to make their own food.
chloroplasts
The waxy layer on the surface of a plant leaf is called the _____.
cuticle
Instead, they must secrete __________ enzymes and _______ nutrients from their immediate environment.
digestive, absorb
Fungi are ___________ organisms, and many serve as decomposers in the environment.
eukaryotic
Fungi are also important as sources of ________, providing texture and taste.
food
________ are chemoheterotrophic organisms that are neither plants nor animals.
fungi
Hyphae compose the body of a _____.
fungus
When a _______ attempts to break down a pepper plant that is alive, the plant produces capsaicin to deter it.
fungus
It is the _____ which represents the haploid (n) generation in plants.
gametophyte
Plants with seeds in cones are called
gymnosperms
The ______ are woody seed plants, including conifers, in which seeds usually develop in cones.
gymnosperms
A single thin filament of cells found in mushrooms is called a _____.
hypha
Select the organisms on which microsporidians are parasitic.
insects humans fish
The cell walls of land plants are hardened because of the chemical called ______.
lignin
The substance that hardens the cell walls of xylem is called ______.
lignin
Also called club mosses _______ were among the first vascular plants to evolve on land.
lycophytes
Seedless vascular plants include which of the following?
lycophytes ferns
All of the following are ways that microphylls differ from megaphylls except
megaphylls have vascular tissue, while microphylls do not.
Single-celled fungal parasites of animal cells, most often seen in insects but also found in vertebrates are
microsporidians
The antibiotic penicillin was originally extracted from a ______.
mold
Fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria form a symbiotic relationship in which both benefit from the association. This type of symbiosis is called ______.
mutualistic
Animal fungal diseases are known as _______ and have three levels of infection: (1) cutaneous affect the _______, (2) subcutaneous affect _______, and (3) systemic affect the _______.
mycoses, epidermis, deeper skin layers, entire body
Bryophytes, which include mosses and liverworts, are examples of ______ plants.
nonvascular
Select the parts of a flower from the list below.
ovules petals anther carpel sepals
Organic nutrients are transported by the ______ in vascular plants.
phloem
The vascular tissue in plants that conducts organic nutrients from one part of the plant to another is the _______.
phloem
Select characteristics of plants from the choices below.
photosynthetic eukaryotic multicellular
All of the following are characteristics of ______ that make them ecologically important to Earth: They are important in the water and carbon cycles. Some can clean up toxic waste areas and they provide an aesthetic value.
plants
Organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic are ______.
plants
In recent years there has been a decline in the ______ of plants because of the use of pesticides and other reasons.
pollinators
Identify the benefit that green algae provides to the fungi in a lichen.
provides organic molecules
Select the fungal pathogens of plants from the examples below.
rice blast disease black stem rust corn smut
Black stem ______ affects wheat plants, causing a decrease in crop production.
rust
Most fungi are _______ that decompose the remains of plants, animals, and microbes in the soil and they play an indispensable role in the environment by returning ________ nutrients to the soil.
saprotrophs, inorganic
The four major parts of a flower are the stamens, carpel, petals, and _____-.
sepals
Which structure is carried in the pollen?
sperm
The alternation of generations life cycle of plants involves a multicellular diploid stage called a ________ and a multicellular haploid stage called a ________.
sporophyte, gametophyte
Which structure in the cuticle helps control water loss from the leaf?
stomata
During pollination, pollen is transferred to the vicinity of what structure?
the egg
True or false: Fungal pathogens lead to serious crop losses each year in the United States.
true
True or false: Many flowering plants will go extinct without their pollinators to aid in reproduction.
true
True or false: The original source of penicillin was a type of mold.
true
Yeast is a(n) __________ fungus that is used in the process of making _______, beer, wine, and alcoholic spirits.
unicellular, bread
Plants that can move nutrients and water throughout their bodies are called ______ plants.
vascular
The group of plants that have an internal transport system are called the ________ plants.
vascular
The plant tissue that consists of phloem and xylem is called ______ tissue.
vascular
Club mosses (lycophytes) and ferns are considered seedless vascular plants because they produce ________.
windblown spores
Plants transport water through which tissue type?
xylem
The vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals up from the roots is called the _____.
xylem