Biology EOC Study guide
Haploid
1 set of chromosomes
DNA similarities in sexual reproduction
50% to each parent
What does T (thymine) pair with
A (Adenine)
Predator
An animal that hunts other animals for food
What are superbugs?
Bacteria that became resistant to large numbers of antibiotics.
The 3 Domains are?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Respiration
Breathing/Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What does G (guanine) pair with
C (cytosine)
Formula for photosynthesis/ATP Cycle
C6H12O6+6O2> 6 CO2+6H2O+ energy
How is diffusion different from active transport?
Diffusion moves particles from High to Low areas of concentration.
Levels of Classification of life (smallest to largest).
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Enzymes can fit into anything [T/F]
False
Where are lipids found?
Fats, oils, waxes.
What does an organism need to be considered living?
It needs to grow, develop, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, etc.
Sister chromatids
Joined copies of the original chromosome
Hypotonic : Swell :: Hypertonic : _____
Limp/Shrink
Evaporation
Liquid to gas
Biotic
Living things
Where are proteins found?
Meat and fish
What does mRNA do?
Messenger, contains the information from DNA to make protein by translation
Gene flow
Movement of alleles from one population to another. (Migration)
Passive Transport moves
Moves from high to low area of concentration (Doesn't use energy)
Active transport
Moves from low to high areas of concentrations (Uses energy)
In a hypertonic solution, the water moves
Out of the cell (high solute)
Homologous chromosomes
Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.
What are fossils?
Preserved remains of ancient organisms.
What is artificial selection?
Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.
Sympatric speciation
The evolution in populations that live in the same geographic area
Biology
The study of life
Groundwater
Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
Surface runoff
Water that flows over land until it reaches lakes, rivers, or other areas
Runoff
Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers
What is codominance?
When both alleles are expressed
What is natural selection?
When the environment determines which traits are favorable.
What are the 4 macromolecules?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Mutations that are passed into the offspring are made in the
gametes
What does Endo- mean?
inside
What does bio- mean?
life
Number of parents in asexual reproduction
one
What does Exo- mean?
outside
Meiosis is used for
producing egg and sperm
What does -ology mean?
study of
Diverge
to separate
Diploid
2 sets of chromosomes
How much energy is lost at each trophic level?
90%
What does U (uracil) pair with
A (Adenine)
What is incomplete dominance?
A blending of traits. Red+White=Pink.
Genetic drift
A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
What is a food chain?
A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Unicellular
A single celled organism
What is a food web?
A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.
Polymerase chain reaction
A technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene
Mimicry
Ability of an animal to look like another more harmful animal.
Advantage of asexual reproduction
Ability to reproduce quickly
Decomposer
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food.
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Niche
An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.
Prey
Animal hunted or caught for food
What are somatic cells?
Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
All 6 kingdoms of classification.
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
How do we know how long these animals existed?
By how deep they are in the ground.
What does Cyto- mean?
Cell
What is meiosis?
Cell division that produces gametes
Mitosis
Cell division where the offspring contains the same number of chromosomes and DNA (Asexual Reproduction) for somatic cells
What are haploid cells?
Cells with a single set of chromosomes
What are diploid cells?
Cells with two sets of chromosomes
Who if the father of evolution?
Charles Darwin
Primary consumer
Consumer that feeds directly on producers (herbivore)
Human interference with water
Contamination
Photosynthesis
Converts carbon dioxide to oxygen
Breaks down food, "recycling centers". A. Lysosomes B. Nucleus C. Ribosomes D. Vacuole
Correct Answer: A
Serves as an extra layer of protection and keeps the plant cell from losing it's shape. A. Cell Wall B. Chloroplast C. Cell Membrane D. Vacuole
Correct Answer: A
Synthesis protein chains A. Ribosomes B. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Golgi Bodies D. Nucleus
Correct Answer: A
The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed and migrates from the ______ to the ______. mRNA carries coded information to _______ where this information and used for protein synthesis. A. Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome B. Nucleus, Ribosome, Golgi complex C. Ribosome, ER, Golgi complex D. DNA, RNA, Ribosome
Correct Answer: A
Which of these is NOT a way that large molecules, like glucose, can enter a cell? A. Diffusion through the cell membrane. B. Facilitated diffusion through protein channels in the cell membrane. C. Endocytosis when the cell engulfs the particles with pseudopods. D. Active transport, when the cell pumps large molecules in through the membrane.
Correct Answer: A
Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how MITOSIS maintains genetic continuity? A. The chromosomes at the beginning are the same as the "daughter" cells. B. Crossing-over occurs when chromosomes separate, which creates genetic diversity. C. When the nuclear membrane reforms, each nucleus becomes diploid in number D. The independent assortment ensures that the cell has the correct number of chromosomes.
Correct Answer: A
Capture solar energy for photosynthesis. A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Chloroplasts C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: B
Cells are able to remove large amounts of material using A. Pinocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B
Single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Ex- Bacteria & Archaea A. Germs B. Prokaryote C. Eukaryote D. Fungi
Correct Answer: B
Stores food, water, and waste. Helps keep plants in shape. Larger in Plants than in Animals. A. Nucleus B. Vacuole C. Chloroplasts D. Cell Wall
Correct Answer: B
A biologist wants to use a radiolabel of certain molecules in a culture of cells she is growing. If the biologist incubates her cells with N-15, which group of macromolecules will be labeled in the culture of cells? A. Glycogen B. Glucose C. Proteins D. Lipids
Correct Answer: C
Aquatic salamanders and tadpoles obtain oxygen from the water when it passes over gill filaments. Which condition would lead to maximum absorption of O2 by the gills? A. Low oxygen in the water, high oxygen in the blood. B. High oxygen in the water, high oxygen in the blood. C. High oxygen in the water, low oxygen in the blood. D. Low oxygen in the water, low oxygen in the blood.
Correct Answer: C
As the messenger RNA is translated by the ribosome, the growing polypeptide chain is inserted into the membrane of the ______ before being sent to its final destination. A.Cell B. Ribosome C. Rough ER D. Mitochondria
Correct Answer: C
Contains DNA, which is the brain of the cell. A. Cell Membrane B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Chloroplasts
Correct Answer: C
Has no Ribosomes attached. Produces Lipids and stores calcium iron storage. A. Nucleus B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Chloroplast
Correct Answer: C
Item 1 Unit 1: Selected Response
Correct Answer: C
Produces APT and is considered the "power house" of the cell. A. Ribosome B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Creates new proteins / finishes protein synthesis. A. Ribosomes B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Cell wall D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Correct Answer: D
Fossil Evidence, Comparative anatomy, Embryology, & Biochemical evidence shows that ___ A. We like to play with sand. B. Fossils are bones found in the ground. C. That it's very hard to know anything of the past. D. That we all come from the same ancestor.
Correct Answer: D
Packages (and processes) proteins from the R.E.R A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Mitochondria C. Ribosomes D. Golgi Bodies
Correct Answer: D
Single-celled or multi-cellular organisms that have cells containing internal membrane-bound structures. Ex: Plants & Animals A. Prokaryote B. Protista C. Germs D. Eukaryote
Correct Answer: D
To study osmosis, a student placed a thin potato slice in a salt solution. The slice became soft and shriveled. Then, he placed the shriveled slice in water. The slice regained its original shape. Based on the observations, which of these statements is correct? A. The slice regained its shape because salt moved into the potato. B.The slice regained its shape because the concentration of the solution and the potato slice is the same. C. The potato shriveled because water went from the solution into the potato slice. D. The potato slice shriveled because water moved out of the slice into the salt solution.
Correct Answer: D
The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Using the information is given, which TWO arguments support this claim? A. The phytoplankton population was unable to absorb the light necessary for growth because the viruses covered the surface of the water. B. The phytoplankton population was affected by the viruses because the viruses were competitors for the food sources in the environment. C. As the phytoplankton population increased, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton was consumed by the viruses. D. As the phytoplankton population reached capacity, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton were the hosts to the viruses and replicated the viruses' genome. E. The phytoplankton population was affected by the increase in the number of viruses in the environment because the viruses used most of the carbon found in the environment. F. The phytoplankton population decreased as the number of viruses increased because the cells of the phytoplankton were destroyed as the viruses used them to increase the number of viruses in the environment.
Correct Answer: D & F
Lock:Key :: _____ :Proteins A. Lock B. Key C. Enzymes D. Lipids E. Carbs
Correct Answer: Enzymes
Do cell-free systems _____ the cost of producing some medicines so that ____ the medicine? increase/decrease people can afford to buy/companies can profit from
Correct Answer: decrease; people can afford to buy
Human interferance with Carbon
Cutting down trees and plants
What is a the two types of nucleic acid?
DNA & RNA
An easy way to remember DKPCOFGS.
Dear King Philip came over for good soup. Dearest King Philip came over from Great Spain.
Trophic level
Each step in a food chain or food web
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant
Adaptive radiation
Evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to diverse environments
DNA similarities in asexual reproduction
Exactly the same (unless mutation)
What do chromosomes do during crossing over?
Exchange part of their DNA for more genetic variation
Lipids
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Marcrolomolecule, Made of C H O
Mitosis is used for
For growth and repair
What does C (cytosine) pair with
G (guanine)
What did Charles Darwin study with?
Galapagos Finches
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Founder effect
Genetic drift occurs after a small number of individuals migrate at once into a new area.
bottleneck effect
Genetic drift, typically by a natural disaster, the surviving population longer genetically representative of the original population.
Advantage of sexual reproduction
Genetic variation
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk
In a isotonic solution, the water moves
In & out of the cell (equal solute)
Where are archaea found?
In extreme environments.
In a hypotonic solution, the water moves
Into the cell (low solute)
Geographic isolation
Isolation between populations due to physical barriers
Behavioral isolation
Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors
How does a virus reproduce?
It infects living cells
Protein
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
Multicellular
Made up of more than one cell.
Producers
Make their own food (autotrophs)
What does rRNA do?
Makes ribosomes
How does bacteria get resistance from?
Mutations
Natural selection
Natures decides which traits are favorable to a species.
What ATP made of?
Nitrogen Base (adenine), Ribose (5-C sugar), 3 phosphates
Will a albino rabbit survive in a dark forest?
No
Are viruses alive?
No (Biology wise since it's in debate)
Abiotic
Non-living things
How many helixes does RNA have?
One
Consumers
Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food. (heterotrophs)
Three types of passive transport
Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion
Homeostasis
Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Coevolution
Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other
What does -osis mean?
Processes or action
Three types of active transport
Protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis.
Which nucleic acid has Uracil?
RNA
Precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells
Types of reproduction
Sexual and asexual
Where are carbohydrates found?
Starches and sugars.
What does A (adenine) always pair with?
T (Thymine)
Speciation
The evolution of new species
What are biomes?
The major ecological communities of earth.
Allopatric speciation
The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation
Carbohydrates
The starches and sugars present in foods, Macromolecule, Made of C H O
What is Embryology?
The study of embryos and their development.
A species of mice were separated because of a storm. Centuries later, they came back together but could no longer mate. Why is that?
They evolved into different species.
Converge
To come together
What does tRNA do?
Transports amino acids to ribosomes
Plants go through respiration [T/F]
True
How many helixes does DNA have?
Two
When transcribing A (adenine), which does it connect?
U (Uracil)
Suspect 2
Who is guilty?
Will a bluefish be able to survive if it camouflages with the blue environment?
Yes
Number of parents in sexual reproduction
two