Biology EOC Study guide

Haploid

1 set of chromosomes

DNA similarities in sexual reproduction

50% to each parent

What does T (thymine) pair with

A (Adenine)

Predator

An animal that hunts other animals for food

What are superbugs?

Bacteria that became resistant to large numbers of antibiotics.

The 3 Domains are?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Respiration

Breathing/Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

What does G (guanine) pair with

C (cytosine)

Formula for photosynthesis/ATP Cycle

C6H12O6+6O2> 6 CO2+6H2O+ energy

How is diffusion different from active transport?

Diffusion moves particles from High to Low areas of concentration.

Levels of Classification of life (smallest to largest).

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Enzymes can fit into anything [T/F]

False

Where are lipids found?

Fats, oils, waxes.

What does an organism need to be considered living?

It needs to grow, develop, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, etc.

Sister chromatids

Joined copies of the original chromosome

Hypotonic : Swell :: Hypertonic : _____

Limp/Shrink

Evaporation

Liquid to gas

Biotic

Living things

Where are proteins found?

Meat and fish

What does mRNA do?

Messenger, contains the information from DNA to make protein by translation

Gene flow

Movement of alleles from one population to another. (Migration)

Passive Transport moves

Moves from high to low area of concentration (Doesn't use energy)

Active transport

Moves from low to high areas of concentrations (Uses energy)

In a hypertonic solution, the water moves

Out of the cell (high solute)

Homologous chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

What are fossils?

Preserved remains of ancient organisms.

What is artificial selection?

Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring.

Sympatric speciation

The evolution in populations that live in the same geographic area

Biology

The study of life

Groundwater

Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.

Surface runoff

Water that flows over land until it reaches lakes, rivers, or other areas

Runoff

Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers

What is codominance?

When both alleles are expressed

What is natural selection?

When the environment determines which traits are favorable.

What are the 4 macromolecules?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Mutations that are passed into the offspring are made in the

gametes

What does Endo- mean?

inside

What does bio- mean?

life

Number of parents in asexual reproduction

one

What does Exo- mean?

outside

Meiosis is used for

producing egg and sperm

What does -ology mean?

study of

Diverge

to separate

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

How much energy is lost at each trophic level?

90%

What does U (uracil) pair with

A (Adenine)

What is incomplete dominance?

A blending of traits. Red+White=Pink.

Genetic drift

A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance

What is a food chain?

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

Unicellular

A single celled organism

What is a food web?

A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

Polymerase chain reaction

A technique used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

Mimicry

Ability of an animal to look like another more harmful animal.

Advantage of asexual reproduction

Ability to reproduce quickly

Decomposer

An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food.

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Niche

An organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living.

Prey

Animal hunted or caught for food

What are somatic cells?

Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

All 6 kingdoms of classification.

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

How do we know how long these animals existed?

By how deep they are in the ground.

What does Cyto- mean?

Cell

What is meiosis?

Cell division that produces gametes

Mitosis

Cell division where the offspring contains the same number of chromosomes and DNA (Asexual Reproduction) for somatic cells

What are haploid cells?

Cells with a single set of chromosomes

What are diploid cells?

Cells with two sets of chromosomes

Who if the father of evolution?

Charles Darwin

Primary consumer

Consumer that feeds directly on producers (herbivore)

Human interference with water

Contamination

Photosynthesis

Converts carbon dioxide to oxygen

Breaks down food, "recycling centers". A. Lysosomes B. Nucleus C. Ribosomes D. Vacuole

Correct Answer: A

Serves as an extra layer of protection and keeps the plant cell from losing it's shape. A. Cell Wall B. Chloroplast C. Cell Membrane D. Vacuole

Correct Answer: A

Synthesis protein chains A. Ribosomes B. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Golgi Bodies D. Nucleus

Correct Answer: A

The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed and migrates from the ______ to the ______. mRNA carries coded information to _______ where this information and used for protein synthesis. A. Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosome B. Nucleus, Ribosome, Golgi complex C. Ribosome, ER, Golgi complex D. DNA, RNA, Ribosome

Correct Answer: A

Which of these is NOT a way that large molecules, like glucose, can enter a cell? A. Diffusion through the cell membrane. B. Facilitated diffusion through protein channels in the cell membrane. C. Endocytosis when the cell engulfs the particles with pseudopods. D. Active transport, when the cell pumps large molecules in through the membrane.

Correct Answer: A

Which statement correctly uses the model to explain how MITOSIS maintains genetic continuity? A. The chromosomes at the beginning are the same as the "daughter" cells. B. Crossing-over occurs when chromosomes separate, which creates genetic diversity. C. When the nuclear membrane reforms, each nucleus becomes diploid in number D. The independent assortment ensures that the cell has the correct number of chromosomes.

Correct Answer: A

Capture solar energy for photosynthesis. A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Chloroplasts C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes

Correct Answer: B

Cells are able to remove large amounts of material using A. Pinocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Phagocytosis

Correct Answer: B

Single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Ex- Bacteria & Archaea A. Germs B. Prokaryote C. Eukaryote D. Fungi

Correct Answer: B

Stores food, water, and waste. Helps keep plants in shape. Larger in Plants than in Animals. A. Nucleus B. Vacuole C. Chloroplasts D. Cell Wall

Correct Answer: B

A biologist wants to use a radiolabel of certain molecules in a culture of cells she is growing. If the biologist incubates her cells with N-15, which group of macromolecules will be labeled in the culture of cells? A. Glycogen B. Glucose C. Proteins D. Lipids

Correct Answer: C

Aquatic salamanders and tadpoles obtain oxygen from the water when it passes over gill filaments. Which condition would lead to maximum absorption of O2 by the gills? A. Low oxygen in the water, high oxygen in the blood. B. High oxygen in the water, high oxygen in the blood. C. High oxygen in the water, low oxygen in the blood. D. Low oxygen in the water, low oxygen in the blood.

Correct Answer: C

As the messenger RNA is translated by the ribosome, the growing polypeptide chain is inserted into the membrane of the ______ before being sent to its final destination. A.Cell B. Ribosome C. Rough ER D. Mitochondria

Correct Answer: C

Contains DNA, which is the brain of the cell. A. Cell Membrane B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Chloroplasts

Correct Answer: C

Has no Ribosomes attached. Produces Lipids and stores calcium iron storage. A. Nucleus B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Chloroplast

Correct Answer: C

Item 1 Unit 1: Selected Response

Correct Answer: C

Produces APT and is considered the "power house" of the cell. A. Ribosome B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Correct Answer: C

Creates new proteins / finishes protein synthesis. A. Ribosomes B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Cell wall D. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Correct Answer: D

Fossil Evidence, Comparative anatomy, Embryology, & Biochemical evidence shows that ___ A. We like to play with sand. B. Fossils are bones found in the ground. C. That it's very hard to know anything of the past. D. That we all come from the same ancestor.

Correct Answer: D

Packages (and processes) proteins from the R.E.R A. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. Mitochondria C. Ribosomes D. Golgi Bodies

Correct Answer: D

Single-celled or multi-cellular organisms that have cells containing internal membrane-bound structures. Ex: Plants & Animals A. Prokaryote B. Protista C. Germs D. Eukaryote

Correct Answer: D

To study osmosis, a student placed a thin potato slice in a salt solution. The slice became soft and shriveled. Then, he placed the shriveled slice in water. The slice regained its original shape. Based on the observations, which of these statements is correct? A. The slice regained its shape because salt moved into the potato. B.The slice regained its shape because the concentration of the solution and the potato slice is the same. C. The potato shriveled because water went from the solution into the potato slice. D. The potato slice shriveled because water moved out of the slice into the salt solution.

Correct Answer: D

The scientists claimed that the growth and stability of the phytoplankton populations were affected by the viruses. Using the information is given, which TWO arguments support this claim? A. The phytoplankton population was unable to absorb the light necessary for growth because the viruses covered the surface of the water. B. The phytoplankton population was affected by the viruses because the viruses were competitors for the food sources in the environment. C. As the phytoplankton population increased, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton was consumed by the viruses. D. As the phytoplankton population reached capacity, the number of viruses began to increase because the phytoplankton were the hosts to the viruses and replicated the viruses' genome. E. The phytoplankton population was affected by the increase in the number of viruses in the environment because the viruses used most of the carbon found in the environment. F. The phytoplankton population decreased as the number of viruses increased because the cells of the phytoplankton were destroyed as the viruses used them to increase the number of viruses in the environment.

Correct Answer: D & F

Lock:Key :: _____ :Proteins A. Lock B. Key C. Enzymes D. Lipids E. Carbs

Correct Answer: Enzymes

Do cell-free systems _____ the cost of producing some medicines so that ____ the medicine? increase/decrease people can afford to buy/companies can profit from

Correct Answer: decrease; people can afford to buy

Human interferance with Carbon

Cutting down trees and plants

What is a the two types of nucleic acid?

DNA & RNA

An easy way to remember DKPCOFGS.

Dear King Philip came over for good soup. Dearest King Philip came over from Great Spain.

Trophic level

Each step in a food chain or food web

Transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

Adaptive radiation

Evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to diverse environments

DNA similarities in asexual reproduction

Exactly the same (unless mutation)

What do chromosomes do during crossing over?

Exchange part of their DNA for more genetic variation

Lipids

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Marcrolomolecule, Made of C H O

Mitosis is used for

For growth and repair

What does C (cytosine) pair with

G (guanine)

What did Charles Darwin study with?

Galapagos Finches

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Founder effect

Genetic drift occurs after a small number of individuals migrate at once into a new area.

bottleneck effect

Genetic drift, typically by a natural disaster, the surviving population longer genetically representative of the original population.

Advantage of sexual reproduction

Genetic variation

Who is the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk

In a isotonic solution, the water moves

In & out of the cell (equal solute)

Where are archaea found?

In extreme environments.

In a hypotonic solution, the water moves

Into the cell (low solute)

Geographic isolation

Isolation between populations due to physical barriers

Behavioral isolation

Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors

How does a virus reproduce?

It infects living cells

Protein

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Multicellular

Made up of more than one cell.

Producers

Make their own food (autotrophs)

What does rRNA do?

Makes ribosomes

How does bacteria get resistance from?

Mutations

Natural selection

Natures decides which traits are favorable to a species.

What ATP made of?

Nitrogen Base (adenine), Ribose (5-C sugar), 3 phosphates

Will a albino rabbit survive in a dark forest?

No

Are viruses alive?

No (Biology wise since it's in debate)

Abiotic

Non-living things

How many helixes does RNA have?

One

Consumers

Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food. (heterotrophs)

Three types of passive transport

Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion

Homeostasis

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Coevolution

Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other

What does -osis mean?

Processes or action

Three types of active transport

Protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis.

Which nucleic acid has Uracil?

RNA

Precipitation

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.

What are gametes?

Reproductive cells

Types of reproduction

Sexual and asexual

Where are carbohydrates found?

Starches and sugars.

What does A (adenine) always pair with?

T (Thymine)

Speciation

The evolution of new species

What are biomes?

The major ecological communities of earth.

Allopatric speciation

The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation

Carbohydrates

The starches and sugars present in foods, Macromolecule, Made of C H O

What is Embryology?

The study of embryos and their development.

A species of mice were separated because of a storm. Centuries later, they came back together but could no longer mate. Why is that?

They evolved into different species.

Converge

To come together

What does tRNA do?

Transports amino acids to ribosomes

Plants go through respiration [T/F]

True

How many helixes does DNA have?

Two

When transcribing A (adenine), which does it connect?

U (Uracil)

Suspect 2

Who is guilty?

Will a bluefish be able to survive if it camouflages with the blue environment?

Yes

Number of parents in sexual reproduction

two