Biology Exam 2

e. the adenine diphosphate and the third phosphate

ATP is considered a high-energy compound because under cellular conditions, 7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between. a. all of the bonds release energy of ATP is completely broken down. b. the base adenine and phosphate groups c. the adenosine and phosphate groups d. the base adenine and the sugar ribose e. the adenine diphosphate and the third phosphate

b. False

An enzyme is a protein that causes the rate of the reaction to slow down. a. True b. False

a. True

Enzyme inhibition is the process that turns off an enzyme in a metabolic pathway. One way this can happen is for the end product of the pathway to act as an inhibitor. a. True b. False

b. G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities. d. G3P would be produced in much greater quantities.

If plants were no longer able to perform the light reactions and they could only utilize the Calvin cycle, which of the following would be true? Select all that apply. a. plants would not produce oxygen. b. G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities. c. NADPH production would decrease while ATP production increased. d. G3P would be produced in much greater quantities.

a. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces a. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP. b. 2 NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP. c. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2 ATP. d. 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 1 ATP. e. 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 2 ATP.

a. photosystem I d. light reactions

Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves which of the following? Select all that apply. a. photosystem I b. photosystem II c. splitting of water d. light reactions e. Calvin cycle

a. C3 plants

Photorespiration occurs mainly in... a. C3 plants b. C4 plants c. CAM plants d. all of the above

a. acetyl CoA to a C4 molecule.

The first reaction in the citric acid cycle binds which of the following molecules together? a. acetyl CoA to a C4 molecule. b. carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C4) molecule. c. carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C5) molecule. d. acetyl CoA to a C5 molecule.

d. RuBP; carbon fixation

The last stage of the Calvin cycle acts to recycle _____, sending it back to aid in _____ again. a. G3P; light reactions b. 3PG; carbon fixation c. 3PG; light reactions d. RuBP; carbon fixation

a. use carbon dioxide gas and energy to produce carbohydrates.

The overall goal of the Calvin cycle is to... a. use carbon dioxide gas and energy to produce carbohydrates. b. use solar energy to split water, producing oxygen gas. c. generate energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. d. all of the answer choices are correct.

a. pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide

The preparatory reaction converts a. pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide. b. pyruvates into glucose. c. pyruvates into acetyl CoA and water. d. glucose into pyruvates. e. acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

b. ATP and NADPH that were supplied through the light reactions

The second stage of the Calvin cycle needs an input of energy to reduce the 3PG molecules that resulted from the first stage. Where does this energy input come from? a. ATP and NADPH that were supplied through cellular respiration b. ATP and NADPH that were supplied through the light reactions c. High-energy electrons that were supplied through the harnessing of solar energy d. ADP and NADP+ that were supplied through the light reactions

d. the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

To what does the term stroma refer? a. the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange b. a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast c. the double membrane surrounding the chloroplast d. the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast e. a stack of thylakoid membrane structures

d. energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another.

Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics? a. energy can be created or destroyed and it cannot be changed from one form of energy to another. b. energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter c. some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs d. energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. e. energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another

c. some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs.

Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics? a. energy can be created from matter or used to produce matter. b. energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change from one energy form to another. c. some useful energy is lost as heat whenever an energy transfer occurs. d. energy transfers are always 100% efficient in changing energy from one useful form to another. e. energy is not created nor destroyed, but it can change into matter.

e. carbon dioxide fixation

Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle? a. removal of electrons from water for passage through an electron transport system b. ATP production c. oxygen production d. carbon dioxide production e. carbon dioxide fixation

b. the CO2 is absorbed and reduced to CH2O

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct? a. the CO2 is absorbed and used to form ATP. b. the CO2 is absorbed and reduced to CH2O. c. the CO- is absorbed and reduced to CH2O. d. the CO2 is absorbed and reduced to C2H2O2.

b. glucose and oxygen

Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration? a. sunlight and glucose b. glucose and oxygen c. oxygen and carbon dioxide d. sunlight and oxygen e. glucose and carbon dioxide

d. fermentation

Which process produces alcohol or lactate? a. the electron transport system b. glycolysis c. the preparatory reaction d. fermentation e. the citric acid cycle

b. the citric acid cycle

Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle c. fermentation d. the preparatory reaction e. the election transport system

c. an enzymes activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration.

Which statement is NOT true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme? a. a change in pH can cause an enzyme to be inactivated. b. above a certain range of temperatures. c. an enzymes activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration. d. when sufficient substrate is available, the active site will nearly always be occupied. e. higher temperatures generally increase the activity if an enzyme up to a point

d. 6H2O

Which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + _____ + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? a. 4O2 b. glucose c. 4H2O d. 6H2O

d. they reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum.

Why are plants green? a. they reflect all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and absorb all of the visible light spectrum. b. they absorb only green wavelengths of light. c. they reflect the colors of the visible light spectrum and absorb all of the wavelengths associated with the ultraviolet spectrum. d. they reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum. e. they absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light, which when mixed within the leaf, give plants their characteristic green color.