Biology Exam 2

You conduct an experiment in which you add increasing amounts of substrate to an enzyme solution and then measure the resulting reaction rate. You plot the rate of the reaction on the Y-axis. What do you conclude from your graph

The reaction rate increases with increasing substrate concentration up to a point, above which the rate remains constant

5-1 image: which best describes the red blood cells in figure B

These red blood cells have shrunken I. Response to a hypertonic external solution

Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located

Thylakoids membrane

What is the role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration

To accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport and this photosynthesis

Water

Figure 9-3: where is NADPH formed in the accompany diagram

3

The complete aerobic metabolism of one molecule of glucose yields a maximum of how many ATPs

36 to 38

Figure 9-3: carbon is fixed in which part of the accompany diagram

4

What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis

6CO2 + 12H2O —> C6H12O2 + 12O2 + 6H2O

Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle

ATP and NADH

In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through____

ATP synthase

Figure 9-2: the graph represents?

Absorption spectra for chlorophylls a and b

What are he parts of the enzyme molecule that interact with a substrate called?

Active sites

Reaction for respiration of glucose

C4H12O6 + 6O2 + 6 H2O —> 6CO2 + 12 H2O + energy

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle

CO2 attaches to RuBP

What is an accessory pigment that expands the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

Carotenoids and chlorophyll b

Because enzymes affect the speed of chemical reactions without being consumed, they are referred to as

Catalysts

ATP synthesis during the light-dependent reactions occurs by which process

Chemiosmosis

During prophase _____ is(are) compacted into visible chromosomes

Chromatin

A transmembrane protein differ from other membrane proteins because it

Completely extends through the membrane

In eukaryotes, where does glycolysis occur

Cytosol

During chemiosmosis, what must be transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules

Electrons

True or false about ATP: it stores energy for long periods of time

False

True or false: plasma membranes prevent communication between other cells

False

Which of the following is an anaerobic pathway

Fermentation

Which type of electromagnetic waves have the shortest wavelength

Gamma waves

Why is it important for DNA to be copied before cell divisions

Genetic information must be transmitted to the daughter cells

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration

Glucose, lipids, proteins, and fatty acids

The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of the_____ and M phases

Interphase

Which statement best describes the activity of the sodium-potassium pump

It transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for 2 potassium ions

A patient who has had severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because red blood cells would swell and burst.

During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized

Light-dependent phase

What are the two phases of photosynthesis

Light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into____ which is stored in the ____ of their cells

Malate ; vacuoles

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in a eukaryotic cell

Mitochondria membrane

The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Identify which compound has been reduced: XH2 + NAD+ —> X + NADH + H+

NADH

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient across a semi-permeable membrane?

Osmosis

What method does a human white blood cell employ to engulf a bacterial cell

Phagocytosis

What is this: Glucose + ATP —> glucose-P + ADP

Phosphorylation

Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light

Porphyrin ring

Which molecule is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion

Potassium ion

The energy released during the chain of electron transport molecules is used to create a ________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane for chemiosmosis

Proton

In glycolysis, a six carbon glucose molecule is converted into two three-carbon molecules of:

Pyruvate

Figure 9-2: chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum

Red and blue wavelengths

Chromosomes are duplicated during the _____ of the cell cycle

S phase

You light a scented candle in the guest bathroom. Within a few minutes you can already smell the candle's scent throughout the hallway. What process is occurring?

Simple diffusion

____ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by _____ during mitosis

Sister chromatids ; cohesion proteins

What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called

Stroma

What will happen to a plant cell if placed in a hypertonic solution

The cell will undergo plasmolysis

What is a cell in metaphase

The chromosomes are aligned at the midplane of the cell

How do the phospholipids in vegetable oil differ from those of animal fat?

The fatty acid tails bend

Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along a concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached, and steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

The rapid and continuous addition of phosphate onto the glucose molecules

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of _______ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose

2