Biology Exam 2 Review

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in such conditions is _____.

160 mmHg

If solute potential is -1 and pressure potential is 3, what is total potential?

2

At the summit of a high mountain, the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. If the atmosphere is still composed of 21percent oxygen, then the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude is about _____.

80 mmHg

What part of the plant body are you eating, when you eat a potato?

A modified stem

While walking a cornfield, you notice roots emerging from the corn stalks themselves, and you suspect that these roots are helping to hold the plants upright. These roots belong to a category of roots known as ________.

Adventitious roots

Which of the following is TRUE? A.Fish gills allow oxygen to be taken up from water in a concurrent flow mechanism. B.Alveoli increase the surface area in the lungs for maximal diffusion of oxygen into the blood. C.Oxygen requires a transport protein to move into a capillary. D.Bronchioles in the lungs branch off to form bronchi.

Alveoli increase the surface area in the lungs for maximal diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

The path through plants that follows the cell walls and middle lamella is the...

Apoplastic pathway

Which of the following is an example of connective tissue? Smooth muscles Blood The surface of skin Nerves

Blood

What part of the respiratory system does the O2 molecule encounter first?

Bronchi

Which pair do you predict would have the largest difference in mass-specific basal metabolic rate? Lion and cat Cat and mouse Dog and cat Lion and dog

Cat and mouse

A mutation in the gene encoding a cadherin has a deletion in the segment that codes for the portion on the surface of the cell. What phenotype might you observe?

Cells that aren't properly adhered to one another

Which structure forms first? Lignin Cellulose Collagen

Cellulose

As transpiration occurs, water moves up the xylem of a plant due partially to...

Cohesion of water

If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice extensive extracellular matrix and few cells, which tissue type would you most suspect?

Connective

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with ________.

Contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption

Which type of flow is more efficient?

Countercurrent flow

Cadherins proteins are involved in formation of:

Desmosomes

Which of these would have the lowest mass specific basal metabolic rate? Mouse Tiger 200 lb human Elephant

Elephant

Amylase is capable of digesting cellulose. True or false?

False

Bronchi are smaller than bronchioles. True or false?

False

Which of these allows for communication between cells? Gap junctions Tight junctions Desmosomes Calzones

Gap junctions

The surface area/volume ratio of leaves is ___ than the ratio of roots.

Higher than

Which chamber of the heart will the O2 molecule enter first?

Left atrium

Gas diffuses to areas of ___________ pressure.

Lower

Water travels to areas of _________ potential

Lower

The basal lamina is:

Made of ECM that connects epithelia to another type of tissue.

What would be the relative usage of skin versus gills in breathing by adult salmon?

Mostly through gills but a little through skin

Which of these choices best describes mycorrhizal relationships? A.Mycorrhizal relationships are parasitic, since mycorrhizal fungi cause a variety of plant diseases. B.Mycorrhizal relationships are mutualistic, since mycorrhizal fungi increase the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen by plants and receive sugars from plants. C.Mycorrhizal relationships are mutualistic, since mycorrhizal fungi transfer sugars to plants and thus facilitate their growth, while receiving nitrogen from plants. D.Mycorrhizal relationships are epiphytic, since mycorrhizal fungi grow on or in plant roots.

Mycorrhizal relationships are mutualistic, since mycorrhizal fungi increase the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen by plants and receive sugars from plants.

Which of the following statements about open and closed circulatory systems is FALSE? a.Open circulatory systems use muscular hearts to pump blood through blood vessels, whereas closed circulatory systems lack any kind of muscular pump. b.Closed circulatory systems operate under higher pressure than open circulatory systems. c.Closed circulatory systems can more effectively control the flow of blood to specific body regions than open circulatory systems. d.Closed circulatory systems have higher resistance to flow than open circulatory systems.

Open circulatory systems use muscular hearts to pump blood through blood vessels, whereas closed circulatory systems lack any kind of muscular pump.

Which of the following is NOT released by the pancreas? Amylase Lipase Trypsin Pepsin

Pepsin

Which of these are directly involved in translocation? Xylem Tracheids Phloem Sclerenchyma

Phloem

What is a major difference between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a plant cell and the ECM of an animal cell?

Plant ECM is primarily carbohydrate in nature, whereas animal ECM is mainly proteins.

Which blood vessel does an O2 molecule enter first?

Pulmonary vein

The movement of glucose via the glucose-Na+ co-transporter is an example of:

Secondary active transport

Which of the following are parts of the phloem? Tracheids Sieve tube elements Companion cells Guard cells

Sieve tube elements and companion cells

Which of the following correctly matches a digestive system organ with function? a.Stomach - produces amylase b.Liver - secretes pepsin c.Small intestine - nutrient digestion and absorption d.Large intestine - secretes pepsin e.Gallbladder - produces bile

Small intestine - nutrient digestion and absorption

Digestion of proteins begins in the ____ and is completed in the _______.

Stomach; small intestine

Which is considered a co transporter? Symporter Symplastic porter Antiporter Anti transporter

Symporter and antiporter

What important role does the endodermis play in roots?

The endodermis acts as a selective filter and prevents certain ions and toxins from entering the xylem.

Glucose and other nutrients absorbed in the small intestine will circulate in the bloodstream. Which of the following do you think they will reach first?

The heart

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

The left atrium and left ventricle

The surface area of the small intestine is increased by...

Villi

Under which circumstances will there be net water movement from xylem into phloem?

When Ys + Yp in the xylem is greater than Ys + Yp in the phloem

Under which circumstances will there be net water movement from xylem into phloem?

When the concentration of solutes is lower in the xylem than the phloem

In plants, micronutrients ______.

generally help in catalytic functions in the plant

How easily do large uncharged polar molecules like sucrose and glucose diffuse across phospholipid bilayers? A) very easily B) easily C) not very easily D) not at all

not very easily

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified ________ used for water storage, and spines are modified ________ used for protection.

stems;leaves

Which criteria allow biologists to divide chemicals into macronutrients and micronutrients?

the quantities of each required by plants

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine. What is the function of these aquaporins?

to reabsorb water from the lumen of the large intestine