Biology Exam Cards

Intermediate filaments... A) surround the nucleus. B) support the inner mitochondrial membrane. C) guide the movement of chromosomes. D) guide the movement of organelles.

A) surround the nucleus.

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food in the sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

Autotrophs

The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium? A) 34 B) 23 C) 8 D) 11

B) 23

The electron transport chain of the light reactions

Shuttle electrons from photosystem two to photosystem one

Most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzymatic function, are performed by...

proteins.

The role of a control in an experiment is to

provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group

What's an example of a substance that could be a cofactor?

a zinc atom

Structural proteins a) are found in hair and tendons. B) include receptor molecules. C) include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white. D) include hemoglobin.

a) are found in hair and tendons.

Proteins cannot be denatured by a) freezing. B) changes in pH. C) heat. D) changes in salt concentration.

a) freezing.

The Endo membrane system includes all of the following organelles except a) plasma membrane. B) golgi apparatus. c) peroxisome. D) endoplasmic reticulum

c) peroxisome.

Plant cells are protected from the harmful effects of excessive light and reactive oxidative molecules by

carotenoids

What's an example of a coenzyme?

vitamin B6

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result...

you dehydrate yourself

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are

proteins

Human views about ___________ of their daily calories to maintain brain cells and power other life-sustaining activities

75%

What is a true statement regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration

02 is reduced what is excepts electrons and phones water

What is the correct order of the steps of the light reactions

2413: light excites electrons from photosystem two. Electrons pass through an electron transport chain, which generates a H + gradient used to make ATP.

The function of CoA in the citric acid cycle is most like

A limousine driver dropping off a couple at the school prom.

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to

A slinky toy going down a flight of stairs

Which of the following is an amino group? A) -NH2 B) -CO C) -OH D) -COOH

A) -NH2

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons? A) 12 B) 6 C) 8 D) 18

A) 12

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of A) CH20. B) CHO. C) CHO2. D)CH3O.

A) CH20.

Which of the following statements about ecosystems is FALSE? A) Energy cycles from organisms through the atmosphere and back to the organisms B) Carbon cycles from the atmosphere through the organisms and back to the atmosphere C) Most energy that enters the ecosystem leaves the system as heat D)

A) Energy cycles from organisms through the atmosphere and back to the organisms

Which of the following statements regarding a common cellular activity is FALSE? A) New cells are derived from cellular components like organelles B) Cells respond to the environment C) Cells regulate their internal environment. D) Cells develop and maintain complex organization.

A) New cells are derived from cellular components like organelles

The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent: A) a community B) a population C) an ecosystem D) a species

A) a community

Dynein feet... A) are found on microtubules and cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets. B) are knobs of carbohydrates that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella. C) are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies. D) are present in cilia but not in flagella.

A) are found on microtubules and cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets.

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads... A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. B) are hydrophobic and face in word shielded from water. C) are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. D) are hydrophobic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane.

A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

Radioactive isotopes... A) can be used in conjunction with pet scans to diagnose diseases. B) do not occur naturally. C) are never incorporated into organic compounds. D) are frequently added to foods as nutritional supplements

A) can be used in conjunction with pet scans to diagnose diseases.

A hydroxyl group is... A) characteristic of alcohols. B) characteristic of proteins. C) composed of two oxygen atoms. D) also called a carbonyl group.

A) characteristic of alcohols.

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria... A) contain membrane folds called cristae, where is chloroplasts contain disc-like vesicles in stacks called grana. B) convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to the other C) contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two. D) are not found in plants, where is chloroplasts are not found in animals.

A) contain membrane folds called cristae, where is chloroplasts contain disc-like vesicles in stacks called grana.

The nucleus of the cell... A) contains DNA. B) is the primary location of protein synthesis. C) is contained within the nucleolus. D) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane.

A) contains DNA

Which of the following statements about genetics is TRUE? A) differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA B) DNA is made up of six different kinds of nucleotides. C) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides. D) Genes are proteins that produce DNA.

A) differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false? A) many lipids function as enzymes. B) fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy. C) phospholipids are important component of cell membranes. D) Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.

A) many lipids function as enzymes.

Which organelle is involved in the catabolism of fatty acid's in the detoxification of alcohol? A) peroxisome B) smooth ER C) ribosomes D) golgi apparatus

A) peroxisome

The function of chloroplasts is... A) photosynthesis. B) lipid synthesis. C) intracellular digestion. D) cellular respiration

A) photosynthesis.

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false? A) plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single celled organisms. B) plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. C) plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. D) plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls.

A) plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single celled organisms.

In some areas, fluoride is added during the municipal water treatment process in order to help... A) reduce tooth decay B) prevent glitter C) prevent the growth of bacteria D) prevent the development of mental retardation.

A) reduce tooth decay

Secretory proteins are... A) released from the cell through the plasma membrane. B) produced by the cell for internal use. C) chemically modified in the nucleus. D) for used by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

A) released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following organelles? A) smooth ER B) ribosomes C) rough ER D) cell membrane

A) smooth ER

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group? A) sugar B) amino acid C) vinegar D) fat

A) sugar

Respiration ________, and cellular respiration _________.

Is gas exchange; produces ATP

Kingdom Fungi includes species A) that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing nutrients B) that use photosynthesis to obtain food C) such as mushrooms and plants D) that obtain food by ingestion

A) that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing nutrients

Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is true? A) the energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause molecular damage in cells. B) when given a choice between radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes of the same atom living cells are more likely to incorporate the radioactive isotopes into their structures. C) radioactive elements are natural and therefore not harmful. D) the nuclei of radioactive isotopes are unusually stable, but the atoms tend to lose electrons.

A) the energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause molecular damage in cells.

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell? A) to speed up chemical reactions B) to stop chemical reactions C) to induce chemical reactions D) to promote the synthesis of monomers

A) to speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false? A) triglycerides are hydrophilic. B) triglycerides are a type of fat. C) triglycerides play a role in energy storage. D) triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.

A) triglycerides are hydrophilic.

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation... A) will eventually be problematic; since the cells ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as it cytoplasm needs. B) should present no problem to the cell, since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions. C) should be beneficial, since the sale will be able to divert the ATP normally use for cell division to other processes. D) should present no problem to the cell, because the surface area of the cell will increase as the volume of the cell increases.

A) will eventually be problematic; since the cells ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as it cytoplasm needs.

In the lab you use a special balloon that is permeable to water but not surcrose to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% surcrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% surcrose and 60% water. The solution in the balloon is _________ relative to the solution in the beaker. A)hypotonic B) hypertonic C) hypertonic D) isotonic

A)hypotonic

What are false statements comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration

ATP is not produced during photosynthesis; it is produced only during cellular expiration

During chemiosmosis

ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through channel in ATP synthase

Which are products produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis

ATP, NADPH, 02

Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized?

Aerobic respiration

In yeast cells,

Alcohol is produced after glycolysis

In a photosystem, clusters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll B, and carotenoid pigments function most like

An antenna

In the electron transport chain, the final electronic acceptor is

An oxygen atom

Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is TRUE? A) All bacteria are multicellular organisms B) All bacteria lack a nucleus C) Archaea belongs to this domain D) All bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus

B) All bacteria lack a nucleus

Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains A) Fungi and Bacteria B) Bacteria and Archaea C) Plantae and Animalia D) Eukarya and Archaea

B) Bacteria and Archaea

Which of the following statements best describes a compound? A) a compound is exemplified by sodium. B) a compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio. C) a compound is a pure element. D) a compound is a solution.

B) a compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that a) two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other. B) a small cell lived inside a larger sell to the benefit of both cells. C) two cells merged into one cell, proving the enzyme function of the new cell. D) a large sell involved and I just did a smaller scale, exposing it's in enzymes for use by the larger cell.

B) a small cell lived inside a larger sell to the benefit of both cells.

Which of the following statements about cells is true? A) all cells have cell walls. B) all cell walls have internal structures that move. C) all cells are motile D) all cells are attached to other cells.

B) all cell walls have internal structures that move.

In plants, the process of photosynthesis produces glucose (C6 H12 06) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true? A) More carbon dioxide is released from the plant then is absorbency. B) all of the carbon atoms from the carbon dioxide atoms are found in glucose. C) more atoms are present at the beginning then at the end. D) water is synthesized by the plant from H2 and 02.

B) all of the carbon atoms from the carbon dioxide atoms are found in glucose.

Organic compounds a) are synthesized only by animal cells B) always contain carbon C) always contain nitrogen D) always contain oxygen

B) always contain carbon

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein? A) a particular amino acid sequence B) an alpha helix C) the joining of two polypeptide chains D) a globular shape

B) an alpha helix

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein? A) cholesterol B) an enzyme C) starch D) cellulose

B) an enzyme

Skin cells are fastened to strong sheets by A) tight junctions B) anchoring junctions C) basal bodies D) communicating junctions

B) anchoring junctions

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? A) starch, amino acids, and glycogen B) cellulose, starch, and glycogen C) sucrose, starch, and cellulose D) fructose, cellulose, and glucose

B) cellulose, starch, and glycogen

During the cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up in the structures called A) ribosomes. B) chromosomes. C) nucleoli. D) lysosomes.

B) chromosomes

DNA differs from RNA because the DNA a) contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. B) contains thymine in place of uracil. C) contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. D) consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand.

B) contains thymine in place of uracil.

The_________of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP. A) matrix B) cristae C) intermembrane space D) stroma

B) cristae

A radioactive isotope is an isotope that a) has the same atomic mass but a different atomic number than the common variant of the element. B) decays. C) has more protons than the common variant of the element. D) is stable

B) decays.

Lactose intolerance is the inability to a) digest cellulose. B) digest lactose. C) produce lactose. D) produce milk proteins.

B) digest lactose.

Which of the following statements about electron microscope's is true? A) scanning electron microscope's are used to study the details of internal cell structure. B) electron microscope's focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object. C) specimens must be section to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope. D) transmission electron microscope's are mainly used to study cell surfaces.

B) electron microscope's focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.

Which of the following organisms contains the polysaccharide chitin? A) plants and bacteria B) fungi and insects C) insects and plants D) animals and plants

B) fungi and insects

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are a) tight junctions. B) gap junctions. C) occluding junctions. D) Anchoring junctions.

B) gap junctions.

In the equation 2H2 +02 equals 2H20, the H2 molecules are _______ and the H2O molecules are__________. A) created; destroyed B) reactants; products C) products; reactants D) used; stored

B) reactants; products

The cells that produce hair made of proteins contain a lot of_________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat but here contain a lot of_____________. A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) microbodies; lysosomes D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes

B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What feature of fats make them hydrophobic? A) fats include one glycerol molecule. B) that have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains. C) fats have carboxyl groups. D) fats have polar fatty acids.

B) that have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.

Which of the following statements regarding the golgi apparatus is false? A) the golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse in finishing factory. B) the golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production. C) the golgi apparatus works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum. D) the golgi apparatus modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum.

B) the golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production.

Propanol and Isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have... A) the same molecular formula but represent different States of the compound. B) the same molecular formula but different chemical properties. C) different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties. D) the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.

B) the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.

The stroma is the... A) space between the inner and outer membrane of the chloroplast. B) thick fluid enclosed by the inner core blast membrane. C) watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. D) space between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion.

B) thick fluid enclosed by the inner core blast membrane.

Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression? A) -CO B) -OH C) -CH3 D) -COOH

C) -CH3

Which of the following is a carboxyl group? A) -C-O B) -NH2 C) -COOH D) - OH

C) -COOH

Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer? A) a small, nonpolar molecule like butane B) O2 C) Na+ D) CO2

C) Na+

Resolution is the... A) size of an image. B) distance between the lenses of a microscope. C) ability of an optical instrument to show to close objects as separate. D) ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image.

C) ability of an optical instrument to show to close objects as separate.

Microfilaments differ from microtubules and microfilaments a) are found only in plants, whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells. B) are thicker than microtubules. C) are mainly composed of Actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin. D) help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move.

C) are mainly composed of Actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin.

Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae A) are unicellular and lack a nucleus B) are multicellular and lack a nucleus C) are polysynthetic D) obtain food by decomposing the remains of dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients

C) are polysynthetic

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines a) of the law of inheritance. B) inheritance of acquired characteristics. C) cell theory. D) organelle theory.

C) cell theory

The function of mitochondria is a) intracellular digestion. B) lipid synthesis. C) cellular respiration. D) photosynthesis.

C) cellular respiration.

Unlike animal cells, Plant cells have_________and_________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have_________. A) centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls B) centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuole's C) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles D) Chloroplasts; so walls; a nucleus

C) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

Cilia differ from flagella in that... A) cilia are anchored of the protein of the cell membrane, where is flagella are anchored is special structure called the basal body. B) Cillia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding essential pair of microtubules, whereas flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets. C) cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella. D) the protein filaments of cilia are naked, where as those are flagella wrapped in extension of the cell membrane

C) cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella.

A/an __________ forms when two atoms share electrons. A) ion B) ionic bond C) covalent bond D) hydrogen bond

C) covalent bond

How are genes used by cells to build proteins? A) DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence. B) the genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly. C) genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein. D) the genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule which is used to build proteins.

C) genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. And isotope of nitrogen could... A) be negatively charged. B) have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom. C) have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom. D) be positively charged.

C) have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom.

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because a) the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another. B) covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. C) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. D) water molecules are neutral and neutral molecules are attracted to one another.

C) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules.

Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by its a) mass. B) orbitals. C) hydrogen bonds. D) size.

C) hydrogen bonds.

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by a) condensation. B) poly marination. C) hydrolysis. D) the addition of an amino group.

C) hydrolysis.

The extracellular Matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins maven bind to____________in the plasma membrane. A) dynein B) polysaccharides C) integrins D) collagen

C) integrins

Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt? A) fluoride B) iron C) iodine D) magnesium

C) iodine

Peptide bonds a) are used to form amino acids. B) are formed by a hydrolysis reaction. C) link amino acids. D) form between fatty acids.

C) link amino acids.

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? A) ribosomes b) chromosome C) nucleoid D) membrane-bound nucleus

C) nucleoid

A phospholipid is composed of a) one fatty acid molecule link to one glycerol molecule into phosphate groups. B) one fatty acid molecule link to three glycerol molecules. C) one glycerol molecule link to one phosphate group into fatty acid's. D) one glycerol molecule link to three phosphate groups.

C) one glycerol molecule link to one phosphate group into fatty acid's.

In the equation 2H 2+2 = 2 H20, a) only H2 and 02 are compounds. B) H2, O2, and H2O are all elements. C) only H20 is a compound. D) H2, 02, and H20 are all compounds.

C) only H20 is a compound.

Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true? A) oxygen is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules. B) oxygen is more positively charged in the hydrogen atoms. C) oxygen is more electronegative than the other hydrogen atoms. D) oxygen attracts electrons less strongly than the hydrogen Adams.

C) oxygen is more electronegative than the other hydrogen atoms.

In a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a ________ bond. A) double covalent B) nonpolar covalent C) polar covalent D) hydrogen

C) polar covalent

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly list the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production two with exit from the cell? A) rough ER, gold G apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane B) rough ER, transport vesicles, gold G apparatus, cell membrane C) rough ER , Transport vesicles, gold G apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane D) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane

C) rough ER , Transport vesicles, gold G apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in A) sugars B) protein C) saturated fat D) fiber

C) saturated fat

The primary structure of a protein is a) composed of two or more polypeptide chains. B) an alpha helix or a pleated sheet. C) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain D) maintained by hydrogen bonds.

C) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured? A) the function of the protein B) the binding properties of the protein C) the number of amino acids in the protein D) the shape of the protein

C) the number of amino acids in the protein

Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom? A) the number of neutrons in the atom. B) the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom C) the number of protons in the atom. D) the number of electrons in the atom.

C) the number of protons in the atom.

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be a) monoglycerides. B) saturated. C) unsaturated. D) completely hydrogenated.

C) unsaturated.

Light microscopes a) work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied. B) are generally not used to view bacteria. C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image. D) Typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope.

C) use light and glass lenses to magnify an image

The four most common elements in living organisms are

C, H, O, N

Many of the regions of the world were hunger is prevalent are also regions with hot and dry climates. What types of agricultural crops would you suggest that these regions attempt to grow?

C4 plants and CAM plants

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is

C6 H 12 06+6 02 = 6 CO2 +six H2O plus energy

What is the molecule that is a reactant of photosynthesis

CO2

By products of cellular respiration include

Carbon dioxide and water

What is a true statement about the energy yield from cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is more efficient at harnessing energy from glucose than car engines are at harnessing energy from gasoline

Mitochondria transfer blank energy from blank to ATP; chloroplasts transform blank energy into the chemical energy of ATP

Chemical; food; light

What photosynthetic pigment can be found at the photosystem reaction center

Chlorophyll a

What is the result of glycolysis?

Conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

Many names for sugars end in the suffix a) -ase. B) -acid. C) -hyde. D) -ose.

D) -ose.

And uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have? A) 15 B) 2 C) 11 D) 5

D) 5

Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with Darwin's theory of natural selection? A) Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are passed on from parent to offspring. B) Factors in the environment result in some organisms having better reproductive success than others. C) Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species D) Individual organisms experience genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment.

D) Individual organisms experience genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? A) lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria and gold by white blood cells. B) lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. C) lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. D) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

D) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements provides the best evidence that there is a common genetic code that demonstrates the unity of life? A) Bacteria, mushrooms, and cats all have DNA B) Bees, birds, and bats all have wings and fly. C) Many insects can pollinate only a particular species of plant due to D) Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it glow

D) Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it glow

And oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by a) removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur. B) cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify. C) removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules. D) adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules

D) adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false? A) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined. B) one monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group. C) covalent bonds are formed between the monomers. D) animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.

D) animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.

Which of the following structures is/are used by prokaryotes for attaching two surfaces? A) flagella B) anchoring junctions C) nucleoid D) capsule

D) capsule

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false? A) carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds. B) carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branch or unbranched carbon skeletons. C) carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds. D) carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

D) carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.

A scanning electron microscope is used to study_______, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study_________. A) live cells; dead cells B) dead cells; live cells C) internal cell structures; cell surfaces D) cell surfaces; internal cell structures

D) cell surfaces; internal cell structures

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as... A) adhesion. B) polarity. C) transpiration. D) cohesion.

D) cohesion.

The storage form of carbohydrate is _______ in animals and ________ in plants. A) cellulose; glycogen B) starch; glycogen C) glycogen; cellulose D) glycogen; starch

D) glycogen; starch

Contractile vacuole's... A) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment. B) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. C) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. D) help in the excretion of excess salt.

D) help in the excretion of excess salt.

___________Cells lack a membrane enclosed nucleus. A) eukaryotic B) fungal C) plant D) prokaryotic

D) prokaryotic

Which of the following particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? A) protons and electrons B) only protons C) only electrons D) protons and neutrons

D) protons and neutrons

Oh protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the__________level of protein structure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quarternary

D) quarternary

(Refer toCh 4 test, page 6, question 44) Based on their function, you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of...

D) ribosomes

Table salt is formed when a) sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond. B) a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine. C) chlorine gives an electron to sodium. D) sodium donates its single outer electron to the chlorine.

D) sodium donates its single outer electron to the chlorine.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A) helps the symbol represents for protein synthesis. B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells. C) produces proteins for cell membranes. D) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

D) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

The golgi apparatus... A) strings together amino acids to produce proteins. B) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown. C) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. D) stores, modifies, and packages proteins

D) stores, modifies, and packages proteins

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by A) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. B) the type of bond between the our group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. C) the number of our group is found on the amino acid molecules. D) the chemical properties of their R groups.

D) the chemical properties of their R groups.

The box numbered 2 represents which of the following? (test 1, page 4, question 18)

D) the cycling of energy

What happens to an ask him if the electrons in the outer shell are altered? A) the atoms become radioactive. B) the atom disintegrates. C) the atoms characteristics change, and it becomes a different element. D) the properties of the atom change.

D) the properties of the atom change.

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body? A) oxygen B) hydrogen C) nitrogen D) zinc

D) zinc

Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles have vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of...

Deductive reasoning

In biological systems, and important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is

Dehydrogenase

During cellular respiration, NADH

Delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule

What's a false statement regarding diffusion?

Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

The full range of electromagnetic energy is called the___________spectrum.

Electromagnetic

A redox reaction involves the transfer of

Electron

What are products of cellular respiration

Energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide

What is a false statement regarding enzyme function?

Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so they must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction.

Yeast can produce ATP by either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation; thus, they are

Facultative anaerobes

_________ cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis.

Mesophyll

The Krebs cycle takes place in the

Mitochondrion

When a cell uses fatty acid's for aerobic respiration, it first hydrolyzes fats to

Fatty acid's and sugars.

Humans use the calories they obtain from ___________as their source of energy

Food

Which of the following molecules is a product of photosynthesis

Glucose and O2

Glucose is split into smaller molecules during a biochemical pathway called

Glycolysis

During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate - level phosphorylation take place?

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

What is the correct order of the stages of cellular respiration

Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

thykaloids are arranged in stacks called

Grana

In photophosphorylation, energy from electron flow is used to transport _________ from the _________ to the cycloid compartment, generating a concentration gradient of _________.

H + ; stroma; H +

To obtain energy from starch and glycogen, the body must begin by

Hydrolyzing both starch and glycogen to glucose

The mitochondrial cristae are an adaptation that

Increases the space for more copies of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose

Is carried by electrons

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

Lost in the form of heat

At the end of the citric acid cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in

NADH

The end products of glycolysis include

NADH

In fermentation,_______is_______.

NADH; oxidized

As a result of the cascade of electrons down the electron transport chain of the light reactions,

NADP+ is reduced to NADPH

Bacteria that are unable to survive in the presence of oxygen are called

Obligate anaerobes

What is a false statement about the energy yield of aerobic respiration

Oxidative phosphorylase shin resulting from one glucose molecule yields about 12 ATP molecules

Clusters of light gathering pigment in a photosystem

Pass energy to the reaction center.

chlorophyll B

Passes absorbed energy to chlorophyll a

Photosystem two

Passes electrons photosystem one

In chloroplasts, ATP synthase

Phosphorylates ADP to ATP

Autotrphs that utilize light as their energy source are

Photo autotroph's

A packet of light energy is called a

Photon

The addition of oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to RU BP results in

Photorespiration

What is a true statement regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria

The end products of the citric acid cycle do not include

Pyruvate

CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via

Stomata

(see ch 7 test pg 1 question 1) in this drawing of the Corp. last, which structure represents the Thykaloid membrane?

Structure c

A kilocalorie is defined as

The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C

What is a typical feature of a ATP-driven active transport mechanism?

The solute moves against its concentration gradient.

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend on

The supply of carbon dioxide

(see ch7 test pg 3 question 3) if you focus on the data from the mid-1900s (indicated by the arrow) through today, the graph shows that

There is a correlation between CO2 and temperature; when CO2 levels are high, so is temperature

What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis strategies over the sea three strategy?

They help the plant to synthesize glucose efficiently under dry conditions.

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

They produce ATP

NADH pills can be purchased over-the-counter and are often taken by suffers of chronic fatigue syndrome. How might these pills benefit of CFS patient?

They would decrease the rate of alcoholic fermentation

(see ch 7 test pg 2 question 2) according to this figure how to hydrogen ions make their way from the stroma to the thykaloid interior?

Through an electron transport chain molecule

The light reactions occur in the _________, while the Calvin cycle occurs in the _________.

Thykaloid membrane's; stroma

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of how many ATPs

Two

How many molecules of NADH are produced during glycolysis

Two

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from

Water

A hypothesis is

a proposed explanation for a set of observations

Relaying a message from a membrane from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell occurs when...

a signaling molecule binds to a protein that extends to the outside of the cell

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of a) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell. B) mitochondria and proteins secreted by the self. C) ribosomes and steroid hormones. D) hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormone secreted by the cell.

a) membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Cellulose differs from starch in that a) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested. B) starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals. C) cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched. D) starch is made of glucose monomers whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers.

a) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to a) the overall three-dimensional structure. B) its size. C) the amino acids of which it is made. D) the presence of pleated sheet.

a) the overall three-dimensional structure.

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because a) there intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. B) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. C) they chew their food is so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. D) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose.

a) there intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.

The function of the nucleolus is a) to manufacture ribosomal RNA. B) to store chromatin. C) intracellular digestion. D) to manufacture polypeptides.

a) to manufacture ribosomal RNA.

A disaccharide forms when a) two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. B) to starches joined by hydrolysis. C) to starches joined by dehydration synthesis. D) two monosaccharides joined by hydrolysis.

a) two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

The energy required to initiate an exergonic reaction is called

activation energy

Aquaporins...

allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion.

What's a false statement regarding thermodynamics?

an automobile engine is a closed system because it does not exchange energy and matter with its surroundings

A theory is

an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

Membrane phospholipids...

are able to drift about in the plasma membrane

A plant cell in a hypotonic solution...

becoms turgid because of an inflow of water.

Heating inactivates enzymes by

changing the enzyme's three-dimensional shape

Why are most plants green?

chlorophyll a reflects the green light

How does inhibition of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by a competitive inhibitor differ from inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor?

competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of the enzyme; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of...

diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Phagocytosis is to eat as pinocytosis is to

drink

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids

easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a ________ reaction to drive a _______ reaction.

exergonic; endergonic

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which process is responsible for its secretion?

exocytosis

Which substance would yield the most ATP?

fat

Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with the increasing levels of tryptophan and increases as tryptophan levels decrease. This is...

feedback inhibition

if ATP accumulates in a cell

feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration

What is produced during the Calvin cycle

glucose, ADP, NADP plus

What metabolic pathway is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

glycolysis

(see ch 6 test, page 2, question 2) Which H+ has just passed through the innermost mitochondrial membrane by diffusion?

hydrogen ion b

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment...

is hypotonic to the protozoan

A cell that has neither a net gain nor net loss of water when it immersed in a solution must be

isotonic to the environment

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, wheras chemical energy is the potential energy of cells.

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis

light

Oxidation is the _______, and reduction is the ________.

loss of electrons; gain of electrons

In a hypotonic solution, an animal cell will

lyse.

What's a false statement regarding membrane protein function?

membrane proteins transfer genetic information to the cytoplasm.

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by

passive transport

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is

phagocytosis

The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called

phosphorylation

The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called

photosynthesis

What's an example of a metabolic pathway?

protein synthesis

Most of a cell's enzymes are

proteins

Cells acquire low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that...

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.

What's a false statement regarding membrane function?

the plasma membrane is the control center of the cell

In the reaction A=B+C+heat,

the potential energy of the products is less than the reactants.

The active cite of an enzyme is...

the region of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate

(see ch. 6 test, page 1 question 1) Which step of the citric acid cycle requires both NAD+ and ADP as reactants?

step 3

(Refer to Ch 4 test, page 6, question 43) Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

structure D

All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane that is similar in _______ and _______.

structure and function

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, wheras a plant will not. What acounts for this difference?

the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall.

What is an example of an endergonic process?

the synthesis of glucose from CO2 and water

Osmosis can be defined as

the diffusion of water

According to _________, energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

the first law of thermodynamics

Fascilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _______ and moves substances _______ its concentration gradient.

transport proteins; down

A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that...

two versions of the experiment are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable

In an ecosystem, energy...

typically flows from producers through a series of consumers