Biology Final
Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because
loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
DNA replication makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand.
DNA; mRNA
Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for
irrigating crops
Digestion in humans and earthworms
is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract
Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve
loss of plant and animal life in an area
In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?
It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others
What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?
The permafrost persists, even during the summer
The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?
coal and oil
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
communication
Chromosomes are made from
condensed chromatin
Plant cells have plasmodesmata that
connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another
At what age do bones reach their peak density?
early adulthood
An atom with a neutral charge has
equal numbers of protons and electrons
Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain
essential amino acids
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.
fat
Without tight junctions in certain tissues,
fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create
Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change?
fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture
Which of the following is not a renewable resource?
fossil fuels
During crossing-over,
genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.
Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?
glucose - lysosome
What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?
greater surface area for ATP production
The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is
habitat loss
use of aquaculture aquafarming
important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished
Micronutrients
include vitamins and minerals.
In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in
maintaining cell shape.
In the human life cycle,
meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.
secretion
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones
The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by
sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.
Which of the following is an incorrect match?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
Plants store their sugar in the form of
starch
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.
surface-area-to-volume ratio
Chemical bonds involve
the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.
Which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?
thymine
Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
thymine
Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?
tundra
Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.
urine; urinary system
Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?
use of drip irrigation systems
Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?
cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human
The main structural component of a plant cell wall is
cellulose
Wood and cotton cloth are composed of
cellulose
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both
contain DNA
Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable?
covalent
All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have
cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA
What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?
ATP
As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?
Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis
Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?
Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall
Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
CaCO
What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?
Producers absorb solar energy
________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.
Proteomics; bioinformatics
The best definition of a nutrient is
a food component which performs a physiological function in the body
If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of
a negative feedback mechanism
Muscle tone is ________.
a state of sustained partial contraction
Forests help to regulate the global climate by
absorbing carbon dioxide
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of
anaphase
You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
anaphase I
The main goal of conservation biology is to
apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems
Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?
bacteria
A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by
banding patterns, size, and shape.
Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to
bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body
Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?
biological magnification
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells.
Movement of body parts directly requires the
muscular system and skeletal system
Bacteria hold their DNA is region inside of their outer membrane. What is this region called?
nucleoid
In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called
nucleotide
The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.
overexposure to UV radiation
Fermentation occurs if
oxygen is not present
Which feature is found in all cells?
plasma membrane composed of phospholipids
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The addition of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms to a substrate is called what?
reduction
Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are
renewable energy sources.
Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?
ribosomes
Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?
tropical rainforest
Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?
use of aquaculture aquafarming
Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?
Golgi apparatus
Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.
False
Most skeletal muscles contain ________.
a mixture of fiber types
Energy needs are supplied by
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
Carbohydrates are typically broken down to
glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells
Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of
glycogen
A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?
hot, dry
The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another, which involves the use of
hydrogen bonds
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below, is a(n) ________ bond.
ionic
Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?
mitochondria
